Multi-omics landscape and molecular basis of radiation tolerance in a tardigrade

作者：L. Li, Zheng Ge, Shihao Liu, Kunpeng Zheng, Y. Li, K. Chen, Yesheng Fu, Xiaoguang Lei, Zelin Cui, Yifan Wang, Jin Huang, Yanyan Liu, Mingwang Duan, Z. Sun, Jun Chen, L. Li, Pan Shen, Guibin Wang, J. Chen, Ruochong Li, Chaoran Li, Zhixiang Yang, Yifan Ning, Arong Luo, Baoyu Chen, Inge Seim, Xin Liu, Fei Wang, Yishan Yao, F. Guo, Maojun Yang, C. Liu, Guangyi Fan, L. Wang, Dong Yang, Lingqiang Zhang · 发表于：Science · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1126/science.adl0799 · 被引用次数：42 · 研究领域：Medicine

Tardigrades are captivating organisms known for their resilience in extreme environments, including ultra-high-dose radiation, but the underlying mechanisms of this resilience remain largely unknown. Using genome, transcriptome, and proteome analysis of Hypsibius henanensis sp. nov., we explored the molecular basis contributing to radiotolerance in this organism. A putatively horizontally transferred gene, DOPA dioxygenase 1 (DODA1), responds to radiation and confers radiotolerance by synthesizing betalains—a type of plant pigment with free radical–scavenging properties. A tardigrade-specific radiation-induced disordered protein, TRID1, facilitates DNA damage repair through a mechanism involving phase separation. Two mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly proteins, BCS1 and NDUFB8, accumulate to accelerate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) regeneration for poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and subsequent poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1)–mediated DNA damage repair. These three observations expand our understanding of mechanisms of tardigrade radiotolerance. Editor’s summary Tardigrades are small invertebrates renowned for their resistance to harsh environmental conditions, including ionizing radiation that would kill many organisms. Li et al. now describe a previously unknown species of tardigrade, Hypsibius henanensis, and investigate how these organisms respond to radiation treatment using genome, transcriptome, and...