Mitochondria orchestrated immune microenvironment and response in health and disease-clinically relevant outlook and recommendations

作者：Kai Yang, Junlong Bi, Yu Cao, Dewei He, Shoupeng Fu, Wenjin Guo · 发表于：Journal of Advanced Research · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1016/j.jare.2026.03.048 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Mitochondrial Function and Pathology、interferon and immune responses、Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis

BACKGROUND: The homeostatic balance of the immune microenvironment is key to maintaining bodily health, and its disorder is closely related to the occurrence and development of various major diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors, and aging. In recent years, mitochondria have gradually become a research hotspot, breaking the traditional perception of mitochondria solely as the cell's energy factory. Mitochondria precisely regulate the polarization, activation, proliferation, and functional fate of various immune cells through various means such as metabolic reprogramming, dynamics remodeling, autophagy regulation, and intercellular communication. Under pathological conditions, metabolic reprogramming abnormalities, abnormal release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), and intercellular mitochondrial transfer (IMT) dysfunction can drive pathological remodeling of the immune microenvironment. AIM OF REVIEW: This article provides a systematic review centered on the interaction between mitochondria and the immune microenvironment, comprehensively elaborating on aspects such as the regulatory patterns of mitochondria in immune cells, intercellular mitochondrial communication mechanisms, mitochondrial-immune remodeling pathological mechanisms in diseases, novel analytical technologies, and targeted therapeutic strategies. It analyzes the translational feasibility and challenges of mitochondria-targeted therapies, aiming to ...