Spatial-temporal dynamics and virus interference of respiratory viruses: Insights from multi-pathogen surveillance in China

作者：Suyi Zhang, Hongbiao Liang, Jiahao Xu, Bingzhi Chen, Xiang Zheng, Haijiang Lin, Weibing Wang, Ye Yao · 发表于：Journal of Infection · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106556 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Respiratory viral infections research、COVID-19 epidemiological studies、Infection Control and Ventilation

BACKGROUND: It is evident that respiratory viruses exhibit a discernible spatial and temporal transmission pattern, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has profoundly altered the dynamics of these pathogens. The viral interference has led to greater complexity in the surveillance. This study aims to examine the spatiotemporal transmission patterns of respiratory viruses in the post-pandemic era and assess the impact of virus interactions on virus outbreaks. METHODS: A multi-pathogen surveillance program was conducted in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, commencing in 2021. The study utilized spatial-temporal modeling to analyze four respiratory viruses, namely SARS-CoV-2, influenza, human rhinovirus (HRV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), with the objective of identifying interaction patterns and their lagged effects. RESULTS: Each virus is influenced to varying degrees by economic and traffic-related factors. Even after adjusting for spatiotemporal variables and baseline factors, significant interactions were observed between different viruses. These interactions were not always bidirectional and demonstrated specific patterns and lag times. RSV outbreaks are influenced by HRV, but the converse is not true. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on influenza manifested 12 weeks later, whereas influenza affected SARS-CoV-2 with only 1-week lag. Potential competitive relationships between viruses were also evident in their spatial distribution, such as the nearly opposite high...