Effect of different levels of neutral detergent fiber in starter diets on the performance, ruminal fermentation, and structural growth of Holstein calves

作者：Chunyan Ren, Yanliang Bi, Yan Tu, Yanli Guo, Rui Bing, Jiqing Wang, Qiyu Diao · 发表于：Frontiers in Veterinary Science · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fvets.2025.1557732 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology、Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock、Animal Nutrition and Health

We evaluated the effect of starter diets with four levels [12.85, 19.91, 26.99, and 34.04% of dry matter (DM)] of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on the growth, ruminal fermentation, and structural growth of Holstein calves. A total of 60 Holstein calves [42.3 ± 1.1 kg, body weight (BW)] aged 1–3 days were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: a starter diet with a dry matter basis without hay forage, 12.85% NDF; a starter diet with 14% forage, 19.91% NDF; a starter diet with 28% forage, 26.99% NDF; and a starter diet with 42% forage, 34.04% NDF. The hay forage (alfalfa hay and oat grass) was pelleted together with the concentrate to provide the calves, which had ad libitum access to water and starter feed throughout the experiment. Following weaning at 70 days, the calves continued on their respective diets until the trial termination at 112 days of age. The average daily gain (ADG) decreased linearly ( p = 0.02) with increasing dietary NDF concentration. The starter intake and total dry matter intake (TDMI) increased quadratically ( p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively) with increasing NDF concentration in the starter diets, with maximal values observed at 26.99% NDF. Feed efficiency (FE) exhibited a decreasing trend with elevated NDF levels in the starter formulations during the post-weaning period, whereas diets containing 12.85 and 19.91% NDF diets maintained superior efficiency. Notably, the NDF intake showed a linear increase ( p < 0.01) during both the pre- and post-...