Managing tobacco black shank disease using biochar: direct toxicity and indirect ecological mechanisms

作者：Xuanquan Zhu, Yan Chen, Meng Jia, Hui-juan Dai, Yan-bin Zhou, Huanwen Yang, Peng Zhou, Du Yu, G.P. Sun L.H. Yang N. Wang, Yuxiang Bai, Wang Na · 发表于：Microbiology Spectrum · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1128/spectrum.00149-24 · 被引用次数：11 · 研究领域：Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics、Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity、Plant Pathogens and Resistance

ABSTRACT Black shank disease in tobacco, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae , can lead to yield losses of 30%–50% upon outbreak. Recently, biochar derived from agricultural waste has shown significant potential in controlling soil-borne diseases, though its mechanisms remain unclear. Over a 3-year observation period, we found that the incidence of black shank was significantly lower in plots amended with biochar compared with normal cultivation plots. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we studied both the direct and indirect effects of biochar on black shank. Direct antifungal assays indicated that biochar reduced the total number of sporangia by 53.91%. Further pot experiments revealed a 62.34% reduction in the P. nicotianae population in the soil following biochar application. Additionally, biochar application led to notable changes in soil physicochemical properties and microbial community composition. Microbial species analysis showed that biochar promoted the aggregation of beneficial microbes such as Sphingomonas , Flavisolibacter , and Mucoromycota . Functional predictions using the PICRUSt 2 software revealed that biochar enhances bacterial functions related to antimicrobial substance synthesis (Tetracycline biosynthesis), detoxification metabolism (D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism), and lipid and fatty acid metabolism (Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis), while fungal functions showed no significant ch...