Variation in Fruit Traits and Seed Nutrient Compositions of Wild Camellia oleifera: Implications for Camellia oleifera Domestication

作者：Kaifeng Xing, Y. C. Zou, Haoxing Xie, Shang Chen, Jun Zhou, Xie-Tian Luo, G. Chen, Yao Zhao, Zeyuan Deng, Jun Rong, Jing Li, Jian Zhang · 发表于：Horticulturae · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.3390/horticulturae10050450 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions、African Botany and Ecology Studies、Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy

Camellia oleifera is a woody oil crop with the highest oil yield and the largest cultivation area in China, and C. oleifera seed oil is a high-quality edible oil recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The objectives of this study were to investigate the variation in fruit yield traits and seed chemical compositions of wild C. oleifera in China and to identify the differences between wild C. oleifera and cultivated varieties. In this study, we collected wild C. oleifera samples from 13 sites covering the main distribution areas of wild C. oleifera to comprehensively evaluate 25 quantitative traits of wild C. oleifera fruit and seed chemical compositions and collected data of 10 quantitative traits from 434 cultivated varieties for a comparative analysis of the differences between wild and cultivars. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of the 25 quantitative traits of wild C. oleifera ranged from 2.605% to 156.641%, with an average of 38.569%. The phenotypic differentiation coefficients ranged from 25.003% to 99.911%, with an average of 77.894%. The Shannon–Wiener index (H’) ranged from 0.195 to 1.681. Based on the results of principal component analysis (PCA) and phenotypic differentiation coefficients, 10 traits differed significantly between wild C. oleifera and cultivated varieties, while the differentiation coefficients (VST) for fresh fruit weight, oleic acid, unsaturated fatty acids, stearic acid, and saturated fatty...