Emergence of multidrug-resistant Bacillus spp. derived from animal feed, food and human diarrhea in South-Eastern Bangladesh

作者：Md Atiqul Haque, Huilong Hu, Jiaqi Liu, Md. Aminul Islam, Foysal Hossen, Md Arifur Rahman, Firoz Ahmed, Cheng He · 发表于：BMC Microbiology · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1186/s12866-024-03199-3 · 被引用次数：21 · 研究领域：Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research、Cancer Research and Treatments、Antimicrobial agents and applications

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance poses a huge risk to human health worldwide, while Bangladesh is confronting the most severe challenge between the food supply and the huge consumption of antibiotics annually. More importantly, probiotics containing Bacillus spp. are claimed to be an alternative to antimicrobial stewardship programs. However, their antibiotic resistance remains elusive. Thus, we employed the antimicrobial susceptibility test and PCR to assess the prevalence of resistance, including multidrug resistance (MDR) and resito-genotyping of isolated Bacillus spp. Results The phenotypic profile showed that Bacillus spp. were 100% sensitive to gentamicin (2 µg/mL), whereas lowered sensitivity to levofloxacin (67.8%, 0.5–1 µg/mL), ciprofloxacin (62.3%, 0.5–1 µg/mL), clindamycin (52.2%, 0.25–0.5 µg/mL), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (37.6%, 0.06 µg/mL), azithromycin (33.4%, 1–2 µg/mL), tetracycline (25.6%, 2–4 µg/mL), nitrofurantoin (21.1%, 16–32 µg/mL), co-trimoxazole (19.2%, 2 µg/mL), and erythromycin (18.8%, 0.25–0.5 µg/mL). The strains were completely resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefixime, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and co-trimoxazole, and a species-specific trend was seen in both phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns. Genotypic resistance indicated prevalence of the bla1 (71.5%), tetA (33%), erm1 (27%), bla TEM (13.1%), bla CTX-M-1 / bla CTX-M-2 / sul1 (10.1%), bla SHV (9.6%), and qnrS (4.1%) genes. The β-lactamase resistance ...