Genistein and Cancer: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions

作者：Carmela Spagnuolo, Gian Luigi Russo, İlkay Erdoğan Orhan, Solomon Habtemariam, Maria Daglia, Antoni Sureda, Seyed Fazel Nabavi, Seyed Fazel Nabavi, Kasi Pandima Devi, Monica Rosa Loizzo, Rosa Tundis, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi · 发表于：Advances in Nutrition · 年份：2015 · DOI：10.3945/an.114.008052 · 被引用次数：576 · 研究领域：Phytoestrogen effects and research、Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease、Family Support in Illness

Primary prevention through lifestyle interventions is a cost-effective alternative for preventing a large burden of chronic and degenerative diseases, including cancer, which is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the past decade, epidemiologic and preclinical evidence suggested that polyphenolic phytochemicals present in many plant foods possess chemopreventive properties against several cancer forms. Thus, there has been increasing interest in the potential cancer chemopreventive agents obtained from natural sources, such as polyphenols, that may represent a new, affordable approach to curb the increasing burden of cancer throughout the world. Several epidemiologic studies showed a relation between a soy-rich diet and cancer prevention, which was attributed to the presence of a phenolic compound, genistein, present in soy-based foods. Genistein acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis. Targeting caspases, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, kinesin-like protein 20A (KIF20A), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), Wingless and integration 1 β-catenin (Wnt/β-catenin), and phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways may act as the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer, the...