Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

作者：Bin Rodrigo M Goodarz Leanne M Christopher J Gretchen Zhou Carrillo-Larco Danaei Riley Paciorek Stevens, Bin Zhou, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, G. Danaei, Leanne M Riley, C. Paciorek, Gretchen A. Stevens, Edward W. Gregg, James E. Bennett, Bethlehem D Solomon, Rosie K. Singleton, Marisa K. Sophiea, M. L. Iurilli, Victor P. F. Lhoste, Melanie J. Cowan, S. Savin, Mark Woodward, Yulia Balanova, R. Cífková, A. Damasceno, Paul Elliott, F. Farzadfar, Jiang He, Nayu Ikeda, A. Kengne, Y. Khang, Hyeon Chang Kim, A. Laxmaiah, Hsien-Ho Lin, Paula Margozzini Maira, J. Miranda, Hannelore Neuhauser, Johan Sundström, Cherian V. Varghese, I. Widyahening, T. Zdrojewski, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Ziad A Abdeen, H. A. Abdul Rahim, N. Abu-Rmeileh, Benjamín Acosta-Cázares, Robert J. Adams, W. Aekplakorn, K. Afsana, S. Afzal, I. Agdeppa, J. Aghazadeh-Attari, C. A. Aguilar-Salinas, C. Agyemang, N. Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, N. Ahmadi, F. Ahmadizar, Soheir H Ahmed, W. Ahrens, K. Ajlouni, R. Al-Raddadi, M. Alarouj, F. Albuhairan, Shahla Aldhukair, Mohamed M. Ali, Abdullah Alkandari, A. Alkerwi, Kristine H. Allin, Eman Aly, D. Amarapurkar, Norbert Amougou, P. Amouyel, Lars Bo Andersen, S. Anderssen, R. Anjana, A. Ansari-Moghaddam, D. Ansong, H. Aounallah-Skhiri, J. Araújo, I. Ariansen, T. Aris, R. Arku, N. Arlappa, K. Aryal, T. Aspelund, Felix K. Assah, Maria Cecília F Assunção, J. Auvinen, M. Avdičová, A. Azevedo, Mohsen Azimi-nezhad, Fereidoun Azizi, M. Azmin, B. Babu, Suhad Bahijri, Nagalla Balakrishna, M. Bamoshmoosh, Maciej Banach, Maja Banadinović, Piotr Bandosz, J. Banegas, Joanna Baran, C. Barbagallo, Alberto Barcelo, Amina Barkat, Marta Barreto, Aluísio J. D. Barros, M. V. Barros, Anna Bartosiewicz, Abdul Basit, J. L. Bastos, I. Bata, A. Batieha, Assembekov Batyrbek, Louise A. Baur, R. Beaglehole, A. Belavendra, H. Ben Romdhane, M. Benet, L. S. Benson, S. Berkinbayev, Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz, G. Bernotiene, Heloísa Bettiol, Jorge Bezerra, A. Bhagyalaxmi, S. K. Bhargava, D. Bia, K. Biasch, E. C. Bika Léle, M. Bikbov, B. Bista, P. Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, M. B. Bjertness, Cecilia Björkelund, Katia V. Bloch, A. Blokstra, Simona Bo, M. Bobák, H. Boeing, J. Boggia, C. Boissonnet, S. Bojesen, V. Bongard, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, M. Bopp, H. Borghs, P. Bovet, Christopher B Boyer, Lutgart Braeckman, I. Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Juergen Breckenkamp, Hermann Brenner, L. Brewster, Y. Briceño, Miguel Brito, Graziella Bruno, H. B. Bueno-de-Mesquita, Gloria Bueno, Anna Bugge, Con Burns, M. Bursztyn, A. Cabrera de León, J. Cacciottolo, C. Cameron, G. Can, A. P. Cândido, M. Capanzana, N. Capkova, E. Capuano, V. Capuano, V. C. Cardoso, Axel C. Carlsson, J. Carvalho, F. Casanueva, L. Censi, Marvin Cervantes‐Loaiza, C. Chadjigeorgiou, S. Chamukuttan, A. Chan, Queenie Chan, H. Chaturvedi, Nishi Chaturvedi, M. Chee, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Bahman Cheraghian, Imane Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Angela Chetrit, Kuo-Liong Chien, A. Chiolero, S. Chiou, A. Chiriță-Emandi, M. Chirlaque, B. Cho, K. Christensen, D. Christofaro, Jerzy Chudek, E. Cinteză, Frank Claessens, Janine Clarke, E. Clays, E. Cohen, H. Concin, Cyrus Cooper, Tara C Coppinger, S. Costanzo, D. Cottel, Chris Cowell, Cora L. Craig, A. Crampin, A. Crujeiras, J. Cruz, S. Csilla, L. Cui, F. Cureau, Sarah Cuschieri, Graziella D’Arrigo, E. d'Orsi, J. Dallongeville, Rachel Dankner, T. Dantoft, L. Dauchet, K. Davletov, G. De Backer, D. De Bacquer, A. De Curtis, Giovanni de Gaetano, S. de Henauw, P. D. de Oliveira, D. De Ridder, D. De Smedt, M. Deepa, A. Deev, V. DeGennaro, Hélène Delisle, S. Demarest, Elaine Dennison, Valérie Deschamps, M. Dhimal, A. Di Castelnuovo, J. S. Dias-da-Costa, Alejandro Díaz, Ty T Dickerson, Ž. Dika, S. Djalalinia, Ha T. P. Do, Annette J Dobson, C. Donfrancesco, Silvana P. Donoso, A. Döring, M. Dorobanțu, Marcus Dörr, K. Doua, N. Dragano, W. Drygas, C. Duante, P. Duboz, Rosemary B. Duda, V. Dulskienė, A. Dushpanova, A. Džakula, V. Dzerve, E. Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Ricky Eddie, E. Eftekhar, Robert Eggertsen, S. Eghtesad, G. Eiben, U. Ekelund, Mohammad El-Khateeb, J. El Ati, Denise eldemire-shearer, M. Eliasen, R. Elosua, R. Erasmus, R. Erbel, C. Erem, L. Eriksen, J. Eriksson, J. Escobedo-de la Peña, Saeid Eslami, A. Esmaeili, A. Evans, D. Faeh, A. Fakhretdinova, Caroline H. D. Fall, E. Faramarzi, Mojtaba Farjam, Mohammad-Reza Fattahi, Prof. Dr. Asher. Fawwad, Francisco J Felix-Redondo, Stephan B Felix, T. S. Ferguson, Romulo A Fernandes, D. Fernández-Bergés, Daniel Ferrante, T. Ferrao, M. Ferrari, M. Ferrario, C. Ferreccio, Haroldo S Ferreira, Eldridge Ferrer, J. Ferrières, Thamara Hübler Figueiró, Günther Fink, K. Fischer, L. Foo, M. Forsner, Heba M. Fouad, Damian K. Francis, M. Franco, R. Frikke-Schmidt, G. Frontera, F. Fuchs, S. Fuchs, Y. Fujita, Matsuda Fumihiko, Viktoriya Furdela, Ariel Furer, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, A. Galbarczyk, H. Galenkamp, F. Galvano, Jingli Gao, P. Gao, M. García-de-la-Hera, Pablo M. Garcia, D. Gareta, S. Garnett, J. Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, A. Gazzinelli, Ulrike Gehring, J. Geleijnse, Ronnie George, A. Ghanbari, E. Ghasemi, O. Gheorghe-Fronea, Anup Ghimire, A. Gialluisi, Simona Giampaoli, C. Gieger, Tiffany K. Gill, J. Giovannelli, G. Gironella, A. Giwercman, K. Gkiouras, Marcel Goldberg, R. Goldsmith, L. F. Gómez, A. Gomuła, H. Gonçalves, Mauer Gonçalves, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, D. González-Chica, M. González-Gross, J. González-Rivas, C. González‐Villalpando, M. González-Villalpando, Angel R Gonzalez, M. B. Gorbea, Frédéric Gottrand, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, D. Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, M. Grammatikopoulou, R. D. Gregor, Tomasz Grodzicki, Giuseppe Grosso, Gabriella Gruden, D. Gu, Ong Peng Guan, E. Gudmundsson, V. Gudnason, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, A. Guimarães, Martin C. Gulliford, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Marc J. Gunter, Prakash C. Gupta, R. Gupta, O. Gureje, Beata Gurzkowska, Laura Gutiérrez, F. Gutzwiller, Seongjun Ha, F. Hadaegh, Rosa Haghshenas, H. Hakimi, Jytte Halkjær, Ian R. Hambleton, B. Hamzeh, D. Hange, A. Hanif, S. Hantunen, J. Hao, Carla Menêses Hardman, R. Hari Kumar, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Jun Hata, Teresa R Haugsgjerd, Alison J. Hayes, Yuna He, M. Heier, M. Hendriks, R. Henrique, A. Henriques, Leticia Hernández Cadena, Herqutanto, S. Herrala, R. Heshmat, Allan G. Hill, S. Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Michael Hobbs, Michelle Holdsworth, Reza Homayounfar, Gonul Horasan Dinc, A. Horimoto, C. Hormiga, B. Horta, L. Houti, Christina Howitt, T. Htay, A. Htet, M. Htike, Yonghua Hu, J. Huerta, I. Huhtaniemi, Laetitia Huiart, M. Huisman, Abdullatif S. Husseini, I. Huybrechts, N. Hwalla, L. Iacoviello, Anna G. Iannone, M. Ibrahim, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, M. Ikram, V. Iotova, V. Irazola, Takafumi Ishida, G. Isiguzo, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Masanori Iwasaki, Rod Jackson, Jeremy M. Jacobs, H. Jaddou, Tazeen H. Jafar, Kenneth James, K. Jamrozik, I. Janszky, Edward Janus, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Grazyna Jasienska, A. Jelaković, Bojan Jelaković, Garry Jennings, A. Jha, C. Jiang, Ramon O Jimenez, K. Jöckel, Michel Joffres, Mattias Johansson, J. Jokelainen, J. Jonas, T. Jørgensen, P. Joshi, F. Joukar, J. Jozwiak, A. Juolevi, G. Jurak, V. Jureša, R. Kaaks, Anthony Kafatos, E. Kajantie, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Natasa Kalpourtzi, O. Kalter‐Leibovici, F. Kampmann, Srinivasan Kannan, E. Karaglani, L. Kårhus, K. Karki, M. Katibeh, Joanne Katz, Jussi Kauhanen, Prabhdeep Kaur, M. Kavousi, G. Kazakbaeva, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi · 发表于：The Lancet · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01330-1 · 被引用次数：2782 · 研究领域：Medicine

Summary Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe i...