From Longevity Genetics to Precision Interventions: Integrating Nutrigenomics and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Ageing

作者：Lorin-Manuel Pîrlog, A. Catană, Adela Pitforodeschi, Alissia-Nicoleta Pilatec, R. Băilă, I. Rusu, M. Militaru, I. Iordănescu, Andrada-Adelaida Belbe · 发表于：Genes · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.3390/genes17060681 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Medicine

Human ageing and longevity are increasingly understood as biologically integrated and heterogeneous processes shaped by interactions among genetic susceptibility, epigenetic remodelling, and environmental modulation. This narrative review examines these interconnections within a nutrigenomic framework, with particular emphasis on how inherited variation and epigenetic plasticity may influence responses to ageing-related interventions. A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, focusing on English-language studies published during the last 10 years. The review was organized into three major domains: (i) genetic determinants of longevity, (ii) epigenetic mechanisms of ageing, and (iii) intervention-responsive pathways relevant to precision geroscience. Current evidence supports a polygenic model of longevity in which loci such as FOXO3 and APOE show the most consistent human associations, while telomere maintenance, insulin/IGF-1 and mTOR signalling, sirtuins, Klotho, inflammatory mediators, and DNA repair remain biologically important but variably supported at the variant level. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation drift, epigenetic clocks, histone modifications, chromatin remodelling, heterochromatin loss, and non-coding RNA regulation, provide an environmentally responsive interface linking genetic background to ageing phenotypes. Nutritional, pharmacological, behavioural, and circadian interventions converge on ov...