Synthetic Data Generation by Artificial Intelligence to Accelerate Research and Precision Medicine in Hematology

作者：S. D'amico, Daniele Dall’Olio, C. Sala, Lorenzo Dall'olio, Elisabetta Sauta, Matteo Zampini, G. Asti, L. Lanino, G. Maggioni, Alessia Campagna, M. Ubezio, Antonio Russo, M. Bicchieri, E. Riva, C. Tentori, E. Travaglino, Pierandrea Morandini, V. Savevski, A. Santoro, Iñigo Prada-Luengo, A. Krogh, V. Santini, S. Kordasti, U. Platzbecker, M. Díez-Campelo, P. Fenaux, T. Haferlach, G. Castellani, M. D. Della Porta · 发表于：JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1200/CCI.23.00021 · 被引用次数：91 · 研究领域：Medicine

PURPOSE Synthetic data are artificial data generated without including any real patient information by an algorithm trained to learn the characteristics of a real source data set and became widely used to accelerate research in life sciences. We aimed to (1) apply generative artificial intelligence to build synthetic data in different hematologic neoplasms; (2) develop a synthetic validation framework to assess data fidelity and privacy preservability; and (3) test the capability of synthetic data to accelerate clinical/translational research in hematology. METHODS A conditional generative adversarial network architecture was implemented to generate synthetic data. Use cases were myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and AML: 7,133 patients were included. A fully explainable validation framework was created to assess fidelity and privacy preservability of synthetic data. RESULTS We generated MDS/AML synthetic cohorts (including information on clinical features, genomics, treatment, and outcomes) with high fidelity and privacy performances. This technology allowed resolution of lack/incomplete information and data augmentation. We then assessed the potential value of synthetic data on accelerating research in hematology. Starting from 944 patients with MDS available since 2014, we generated a 300% augmented synthetic cohort and anticipated the development of molecular classification and molecular scoring system obtained many years later from 2,043 to 2,957 real patients, respectivel...