A review of lithium-ion battery recycling for enabling a circular economy

作者：Mina Rezaei, Atiyeh Nekahi, A. Kumar M R, Ameer Nizami, Xia Li, Sixu Deng, Jagjit Nanda, Karim Zaghib · 发表于：Journal of Power Sources · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.236157 · 被引用次数：123

With the rapid electrification of society, the looming prospect of a substantial accumulation of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) within the next decade is both thought-provoking and alarming. Evaluating recycling strategies becomes a crucial pillar for sustainable resource management. To satisfy the surging demand for raw materials essential for battery production, harnessing the potential of existing resources within spent batteries is essential. Counting on these sources will expedite and secure the electrification of society and could potentially disrupt the dominance of countries with abundant resources, fostering a more equitable landscape. In pursuit of these visions, this review involves a comprehensive understanding of LIB’s market and the resource requirements associated with electrification. Furthermore, sustainable urban mining would be accessible, providing the automakers with initial battery-grade resources. A deep dive into the intricacies of the recycling process, encompassing pretreatment and subsequent chemical processes, emerges as a crucial endeavor. This exploration unveils the barriers hindering efficient recycling despite LIB’s pervasive and avoidable integration into various aspects of human life. Analyzing these hindrances facilitates the identification of systemic issues, paving the way for strategic measures and innovative solutions. Addressing recycling challenges encompasses refining existing processes and even challenging the design of batterie...