Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

作者：Amanuel Alemu Kalkidan Hassen Cristiana Kaja M Foad Rizwan Abajobir Abate Abbafati Abbas Abd-Allah Abdulkader, A. Abajobir, K. H. Abate, C. Abbafati, K. Abbas, F. Abd-Allah, R. Abdulkader, A. Abdulle, Teshome Abuka Abebo, S. Abera, Victor Aboyans, L. Abu-Raddad, Ilana N. Ackerman, I. Adedeji, O. Adetokunboh, A. Afshin, Rakesh Aggarwal, S. Agrawal, Anurag Agrawal, M. Ahmed, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Amani Nidhal Aichour, Ibtihel Aichour, Sneha Aiyar, Tomi F Akinyemiju, N. Akseer, F. A. Al Lami, Fares Alahdab, Z. Al-Aly, K. Alam, N. Alam, Tahiya Alam, D. Alasfoor, K. Alene, Raghib Ali, Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, J. Alkaabi, A. Alkerwi, François Alla, Peter Allebeck, Christine Allen, F. Al-Maskari, Mohammad A. Almazroa, R. Al-Raddadi, U. Alsharif, S. Alsowaidi, B. Althouse, K. Altirkawi, N. Alvis-Guzmán, A. Amare, E. Amini, W. Ammar, Y. Amoako, Mustafa Geleto Ansha, C. Antonio, P. Anwari, Johan Ärnlöv, M. Arora, A. Artaman, K. Aryal, S. W. Asgedom, T. Atey, N. Atnafu, L. Ávila-Burgos, Euripide Avokpaho, A. Awasthi, S. Awasthi, M. Azarpazhooh, P. Azzopardi, T. Babalola, U. Bacha, A. Badawi, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Marlena S Bannick, Aleksandra Barac, S. Barker-Collo, Till Bärnighausen, Simón Barquera, L. Barrero, S. Basu, Robert Battista, K. Battle, B. Baune, S. Bazargan-Hejazi, J. Beardsley, Neeraj Bedi, Y. Béjot, B. B. Bekele, Michelle Bell, Derrick A. Bennett, James R. Bennett, Isabela M. Benseñor, Jennifer Benson, A. Berhane, D. F. Berhe, Eduardo Bernabé, B. Betsu, M. Beuran, A. Beyene, A. Bhansali, Samir Bhatt, Z. Bhutta, S. Biadgilign, B. Bicer, Kelly Bienhoff, B. Bikbov, C. Birungi, S. Biryukov, D. Bisanzio, H. M. Bizuayehu, F. Blyth, D. Boneya, D. Bose, I. Bou-Orm, Rupert RA Bourne, Michael Brainin, Carol Brayne, A. Brazinova, N. Breitborde, P. Briant, Gabrielle Britton, T. Brugha, Rachelle Buchbinder, L. Bulto, Blair R Bumgarner, Z. Butt, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, E. Cameron, Ismael Campos-Nonato, Hélène Carabin, Rosario Cárdenas, David O Carpenter, J. Carrero, A. Carter, F. Carvalho, Daniel C. Casey, C. Castañeda-Orjuela, Chris D Castle, F. Catalá-López, Jung-Chen Chang, F. Charlson, P. Chaturvedi, Honglei Chen, Mirriam Chibalabala, C. Chibueze, V. Chisumpa, Abdulaal Chitheer, Rajiv Chowdhury, D. Christopher, Liliana G. Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Danny V. Colombara, Leslie T. Cooper, Cyrus Cooper, P. Cortesi, Monica Cortinovis, M. Criqui, Elizabeth A. Cromwell, M. Cross, John A Crump, A. Dadi, Koustuv Dalal, A. Damasceno, L. Dandona, R. Dandona, J. D. das Neves, D. Davițoiu, K. Davletov, B. de Courten, Diego De Leo, H. De Steur, B. K. Defo, L. Degenhardt, Selina Deiparine, R. Dellavalle, Kebede Deribe, A. Deribew, D. D. Des Jarlais, Subhojit Dey, S. Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, D. Dicker, Shirin Djalainia, H. Do, K. Dokova, D. Doku, E. Dorsey, Kadine Priscila Bender dos Santos, T. Driscoll, Manisha Dubey, Bruce B Duncan, B. Ebel, M. Echko, Z. El-Khatib, A. Enayati, A. Y. Endries, S. Ermakov, H. Erskine, Setegn Eshetie, B. Eshrati, Alireza Esteghamati, Kara Estep, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele Fanuel, T. Farag, C. Farinha, Andre Faro, F. Farzadfar, M. Fazeli, Valery L. Feigin, A. Feigl, S. Fereshtehnejad, João Fernandes, A. Ferrari, T. R. Feyissa, I. Filip, Florian Fischer, C. Fitzmaurice, Abraham D. Flaxman, N. Foigt, Kyle Foreman, R. Franklin, J. Frostad, N. Fullman, Thomas Fürst, J. Furtado, Neal D Futran, E. Gakidou, A. García-Basteiro, T. Gebre, G. Gebregergs, T. Gebrehiwot, J. Geleijnse, Ayele Geleto, Bikila Lencha Gemechu, H. Gesesew, P. Gething, A. Ghajar, K. Gibney, Richard F. Gillum, I. Ginawi, Melkamu Dedefo Gishu, G. Giussani, W. Godwin, K. Goel, S. Goenka, Ellen M. Goldberg, P. Gona, A. Goodridge, S. Gopalani, R. Gosselin, Carolyn C. Gotay, A. Goto, A. Goulart, Nicholas Graetz, H. Gugnani, Prakash C. Gupta, R. Gupta, Tanush Gupta, V. Gupta, Rahul Gupta, R. A. Gutiérrez, Vladimir Hachinski, N. Hafezi-Nejad, A. Hailu, G. B. Hailu, R. Hamadeh, S. Hamidi, M. Hammami, A. Handal, G. Hankey, Y. Hao, H. Harb, H. Hareri, J. M. Haro, Kimani M Harun, James D. Harvey, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Rasmus J. Havmoeller, S. Hay, R. Hay, M. Hedayati, Delia Hendrie, N. Henry, I. Heredia-Pi, P. Heydarpour, Hans W. Hoek, Howard J Hoffman, M. Horino, Nobuyuki Horita, H. Hosgood, S. Hostiuc, Peter J. Hotez, D. Hoy, A. Htet, G. Hu, John J Emmanuel Huang, Chantal K Huynh, K. Iburg, E. Igumbor, C. Ikeda, C. Irvine, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Nader Jahanmehr, M. Jakovljevic, Peter James, S. Jassal, Mehdi Javanbakht, Sudha P Jayaraman, P. Jeemon, P. Jensen, Vivekanand Jha, Guohong Jiang, D. John, C. Johnson, Sarah C Johnson, J. Jonas, M. Jürisson, Z. Kabir, R. Kadel, Amaha Kahsay, R. Kamal, Chittaranjan Kar, Nadim E. Karam, André Karch, C. Karema, Seyed M. Karimi, Chante Karimkhani, A. Kasaeian, G. Kassa, N. A. Kassaw, N. Kassebaum, A. Kastor, S. Katikireddi, Anil Kaul, N. Kawakami, P. Keiyoro, L. Kemmer, A. Kengne, Andre Keren, C. Kesavachandran, Yousef S. Khader, Ibrahim Khalil, E. Khan, Y. Khang, A. Khoja, A. Khosravi, J. Khubchandani, A. Kiadaliri, C. Kieling, Y. Kim, Daniel H. Kim, R. Kimokoti, Y. Kinfu, A. Kisa, K. Kissimova-Skarbek, N. Kissoon, Mika Kivimaki, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Yoshihiro Kokubo, D. Kolte, Jacek A. Kopec, S. Kosen, G. Kotsakis, Parvaiz A. Koul, A. Koyanagi, M. Kravchenko, Kristopher J. Krohn, G. Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar, H. Kyu, A. Lager, D. Lal, R. Lalloo, T. Lallukka, Nkurunziza Lambert, Q. Lan, V. Lansingh, Anders O. Larsson, J. Leasher, P. Lee, J. Leigh, C. T. Leshargie, Janni Leung, R. Leung, Miriam Levi, Yichong Li, Yongmei Li, Xiaofeng Liang, Misgan Legesse Liben, Stephen S. Lim, S. Linn, Patrick Y. Liu, Angela Liu, Shiwei Liu, Yang Liu, R. Lodha, G. Logroscino, Katharine J Looker, Alan D. Lopez, S. Lorkowski, P. Lotufo, Rafael Lozano, T. Lucas, R. Lunevicius, R. Lyons, E. Macarayan, Emilie Maddison, H. Magdy Abd El Razek, M. Magdy Abd El Razek, C. Magis-Rodríguez, M. Mahdavi, Marek Majdan, Reza Majdzadeh, Azeem Majeed, R. Malekzadeh, R. Malhotra, D. C. Malta, A. A. Mamun, Helena Manguerra, Treh Manhertz, L. Mantovani, C. Mapoma, Lyn M March, L. Marczak, J. Martínez-Raga, Paulo Henrique Viegas Martins, F. R. Martins-Melo, Ira Martopullo, Winfried März, M. Mathur, M. Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Madeline McGaughey, John J McGrath, M. McKee, S. Mehata, T. Meier, K. G. Meles, P. Memiah, Ziad A. Memish, W. Mendoza, M. Mengesha, Mubarek Abera Mengistie, D. T. Mengistu, George A. Mensah, T. Meretoja, A. Meretoja, H. Mezgebe, R. Micha, Anoushka I Millear, Ted R. Miller, S. Minnig, M. Mirarefin, E. Mirrakhimov, A. Misganaw, S. Mishra, Philip B. Mitchell, K. Mohammad, A. Mohammadi, M. Mohammed, Kedir Mohammed Oumer, S. Mohammed, Murali B V Mohan, A. Mokdad, Sarah K Mollenkopf, L. Monasta, Julio Cesar Montañez Hernandez, M. Montico, M. Moradi-Lakeh, Paula Moraga, Lidia Morawska, R. Mori, S. D. Morrison, Mark W Moses, Cliff Mountjoy-Venning, K. Mruts, U. Mueller, Kate Muller, Michele E. Murdoch, C. Murray, G. V. Murthy, Srinivas Murthy, K. Musa, Jean B. Nachega, Gabriele Nagel, M. Naghavi, A. Naheed, K. Naidoo, Vinay Nangia, Jamal T Nasher, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Dumessa Edessa Negasa, R. Negoi, I. Negoi, C. R. Newton, J. Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Q. Nguyen, T. Nguyen · 发表于：The Lancet · 年份：2017 · DOI：10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32130-x · 被引用次数：2219 · 研究领域：Medicine

Summary Background Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. Findings The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75·2 year...