Differences across the lifespan between females and males in the top 20 causes of disease burden globally: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

作者：Vedavati Patwardhan, G. Gil, Alejandra Arrieta, Jack Cagney, Erin DeGraw, Molly E Herbert, M. Khalil, Erin C. Mullany, Erin M. O'Connell, Cory N. Spencer, Caroline Stein, Aiganym Valikhanova, E. Gakidou, Luisa S. Flor · 发表于：Lancet Public Health · 年份：2024 · DOI：10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00053-7 · 被引用次数：193 · 研究领域：Medicine

Summary Background Sex and gender shape health. There is a growing body of evidence focused on comprehensively and systematically examining the magnitude, persistence, and nature of differences in health between females and males. Here, we aimed to quantify differences in the leading causes of disease burden between females and males across ages and geographies. Methods We used the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to compare disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates for females and males for the 20 leading causes of disease burden for individuals older than 10 years at the global level and across seven world regions, between 1990 and 2021. We present absolute and relative differences in the cause-specific DALY rates between females and males. Findings Globally, females had a higher burden of morbidity-driven conditions with the largest differences in DALYs for low back pain (with 478·5 [95% uncertainty interval 346·3–632·8] more DALYs per 100 000 individuals among females than males), depressive disorders (348·3 [241·3–471·0]), and headache disorders (332·9 [48·3–731·9]), whereas males had higher DALY rates for mortality-driven conditions with the largest differences in DALYs for COVID-19 (with 1767·8 [1581·1–1943·5] more DALYs per 100 000 among males than females), road injuries (1012·2 [934·1–1092·9]), and ischaemic heart disease (1611·8 [1405·0–1856·3]). The differences between sexes became larger over age and remained consistent over time for all conditions except HIV...