Translational Models for Glioblastoma: Revolutionizing Drug Development and Personalized Medicine through Clinical Insights

作者：Gaeun Lee, Yu Jin Kim, Sharon Ham, Hyeongjin Ahn, Dayeong Choi, Juhyeong Ha, Jungseub Lee, Hyung-Jin Lee, Jaejoon Lim, Jungho Ahn · 发表于：Theranostics · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.7150/thno.126324 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Medicine

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive and treatment resistant brain tumors and continues to present major challenges for effective therapeutic development. The failure of numerous late-stage clinical trials highlights the limited predictive value of conventional preclinical models. Although established cell lines, two-dimensional cultures, and animal models have been extensively employed, existing platforms fail to adequately recapitulate the complex tumor microenvironment, blood brain barrier function, and interpatient heterogeneity that drive therapeutic resistance in GBM. To address this translational limitation, advanced experimental systems have been developed to more accurately reproduce key features of the human GBM microenvironment through the integration of microengineering approaches, biomaterials, and patient derived cells. This review focuses on recent advances in microfluidic GBM chip models and three-dimensional bioprinted GBM platforms, while also summarizing a broad range of in vitro and in vivo model systems extending from conventional 2D cultures and organoids to animal-based platforms. Microfluidic and 3D bioprinting technologies enable controlled reconstruction of critical biophysical and biochemical features of the GBM microenvironment. These systems allow regulation of oxygen availability, drug exposure, and cellular interactions within engineered tumor constructs. As a result, patient specific GBM models with heterogeneous architectures ...