Sensitivity Analysis of Household Demand and PV-BESS Contributions to Energy Independence

作者：Eheda Hassan, Shady S. Refaat, M. Denai, Amira Mohammed, E. Altayef · 发表于：IEEE Access · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1109/access.2026.3727567

The integration of domestic Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) with rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) installations can enhance energy self-consumption and reduce reliance on the electrical grid. However, existing studies often underrepresent the effects of weather variability and battery capacity on residential BESS performance and its interaction with the grid. This paper presents a comprehensive, simulation-based assessment of a domestic BESS, modelled on the Tesla Powerwall 2, under varying PV generation and household demand conditions. PV generation data is collected from the rooftop PV system installed at the University of Hertfordshire campus. Data collection was carried out during 2024 on specific days selected to capture seasonal regimes, low (winter), average (spring/autumn), and high (summer) irradiance. Household demand profiles were obtained from a public dataset and categorized into high, average, and low daily consumptions respectively. The analysis quantifies BESS performance metrics, grid import/export behavior, and potential economic savings across nine demand-generation scenarios, evaluated both with and without BESS integration. The results outline the conditions under which residential BESS yields the greatest benefits, offering practical insights into the operational value and cost-effectiveness of BESS deployment in the UK residential sector.