State of Wildfires 2024–2025

作者：Douglas I. Kelley, Chantelle A. Burton, F. Di Giuseppe, Matthew W. Jones, M. L. F. Barbosa, Esther Brambleby, J. McNorton, Zhongwei Liu, A. Bradley, Katie R. Blackford, E. Burke, A. Ciavarella, E. di Tomaso, J. Eden, I. J. M. Ferreira, L. Fiedler, Andrew J. Hartley, Theodore R. Keeping, Seppe Lampe, A. Lombardi, G. Mataveli, Yu-Quan Qu, P. S. Silva, Fiona R. Spuler, Carmen B. Steinmann, M. A. Torres-Vázquez, Renata Veiga, D. van Wees, Jakob B. Wessel, Emily Wright, B. Bilbao, Mathieu L. Bourbonnais, Cong Gao, C. D. Di Bella, K. Dintwe, Victoria M. Donovan, Sarah Harris, E. Kukavskaya, A. B. N'Dri, C. Santín, G. Selaya, J. Sjöström, J. Abatzoglou, N. Andela, Rachel Carmenta, E. Chuvieco, Louis Giglio, D. Hamilton, S. Hantson, Sarah Meier, M. Parrington, M. Sadegh, J. San-Miguel-Ayanz, Fernando Sedano, Marco Turco, G. R. van der Werf, S. Veraverbeke, L. Anderson, Hamish Clarke, P. Fernandes, Crystal A. Kolden · 发表于：Earth System Science Data · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.5194/essd-17-5377-2025 · 被引用次数：64

Abstract. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme wildfires globally, yet our understanding of these high-impact events remains uneven and shaped by media attention and regional research biases. The State of Wildfires project systematically tracks global and regional fire activity of each annual fire season, analyses the causes of prominent extreme wildfire events, and projects the likelihood of similar events occurring in future climate scenarios. This, its second annual report, covers the March 2024 to February 2025 fire season. During the 2024–2025 fire season, fire-related carbon (C) emissions totalled 2.2 Pg C, 9 % above average and the sixth highest on record since 2003, despite below-average global burned area (BA). Extreme fire seasons in South America's rainforests, dry forests, and wetlands and in Canada's boreal forests pushed up the global C emissions total. Fire C emissions were over 4 times above average in Bolivia, 3 times above average in Canada, and ∼ 50 % above average in Brazil and Venezuela. Wildfires in 2024–2025 caused 100 fatalities in Nepal, 34 in South Africa, and 31 in Los Angeles, with additional fatalities reported in Canada, Côte d'Ivoire, Portugal, and Türkiye. The Eaton and Palisades fires in Southern California caused 150 000 evacuations and USD 140 billion in damages. Communities in Brazil, Bolivia, Southern California, and northern India were exposed to fine particulate matter at concentrations 13–60 times WHO's da...