Nanomedicine and advanced technologies for burns: Preventing infection and facilitating wound healing

作者：M. A. M. Jahromi, P. S. Zangabad, Seyed Masoud Moosavi Basri, Keyvan Sahandi Zangabad, Ameneh Ghamarypour, A. Aref, M. Karimi, Michael R Hamblin · 发表于：Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · 年份：2017 · DOI：10.1016/j.addr.2017.08.001 · 被引用次数：476 · 研究领域：Medicine

According to the latest report from the World Health Organization, an estimated 265,000 deaths still occur every year as a direct result of burn injuries. A widespread range of these deaths induced by burn wound happens in low- and middle-income countries, where survivors face a lifetime of morbidity. Most of the deaths occur due to infections when a high percentage of the external regions of the body area is affected. Microbial nutrient availability, skin barrier disruption, and vascular supply destruction in burn injuries as well as systemic immunosuppression are important parameters that cause burns to be susceptible to infections. Topical antimicrobials and dressings are generally employed to inhibit burn infections followed by a burn wound therapy, because systemic antibiotics have problems in reaching the infected site, coupled with increasing microbial drug resistance. Nanotechnology has provided a range of molecular designed nanostructures (NS) that can be used in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications in burns. These NSs can be divided into organic and non-organic (such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and silver NPs, respectively), and many have been designed to display multifunctional activity. The present review covers the physiology of skin, burn classification, burn wound pathogenesis, animal models of burn wound infection, and various topical therapeutic approaches designed to combat infection and stimulate healing. These include biological based approach...