Flip-Robust Neural Image Assessment (FR-NIMA) for Spatially Consistent IQA

作者：Rawesak Tanawongsuwan, S. Phongsuphap · 发表于：ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.37936/ecti-cit.2026202.264823

Neural Image Assessment (NIMA) has become a widely adopted approach for blind image quality assessment (BIQA), yet it remains sensitive to simple spatial transformations such as horizontal ips. Such variation can lead to inconsistent predictions, even when the perceived visual content remains largely unchanged. To address this issue, we introduce Flip-Robust Neural Image Assessment (FR-NIMA), an enhanced training strategy that enhances the spatial robustness of BIQA models. Instead of modifying network architectures, FR-NIMA incorporates a flip-consistency regularization term that penalizes discrepancies between the predicted quality distributions of an image and its horizontally flipped counterpart. Two variants-one-branch and two-branch formulations-are explored, both introducing no additional model parameters. FR-NIMA is evaluated across four CNN backbones (MobileNetV2, VGG19, Xception, InceptionV3) and one Vision Transformer (ViT-Small) using the LIVE dataset and two additional test sets representing distinct scene types. Performance is assessed using complementary metrics, including the Test Loss (EMD2), Absolute Flip Gap (|FlipGap|), Flip-Consistency Win Rate (FCWR), Average Flip- Gap Delta (AFGD), and Average Flip-Gap Ratio (AFGR). Experimental results demonstrate that FR-NIMA effectively reduces ip-gap magnitude and variability while maintaining comparable test accuracy across all back- bones. These findings establish FR-NIMA as a simple yet effective framework for en...