Initial performance results of the JUNO detector

作者：A. Abusleme, T. Adam, K. Adamowicz, D. Adey, Shakeel Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmed, Timo Ahola, S. Aiello, Feng-Peng An, G. An, C. Andreopoulos, G. Andronico, J. D. de André, N. Anfimov, V. Antonelli, T. Antoshkina, B. Asavapibhop, D. Auguste, M. B. Avanzini, A. Babič, J. Bai, Wei-Dong Bai, N. Balashov, R. Barbera, A. Barresi, D. Basilico, E. Baussan, B. Bellantonio, M. Bellato, J. Beney, M. Beretta, A. Bergnoli, E. Bernieri, N. Bessonov, David Biar'e, D. Bick, Lukas Bieger, S. Biktemerova, T. Birkenfeld, David Blum, S. Blyth, S. Boarin, Manuel Boehles, A. Bolshakova, M. Bongrand, A. Bonhomme, C. Bordereau, M. Borghesi, A. Brigatti, T. Brugière, R. Brugnera, Riccardo Bruno, J. Buchholz, A. Budano, Max Buesken, M. Buscemi, S. Bussino, J. Busto, I. Butorov, Marcel Buchner, Anatael Cabrera, B. Caccianiga, Bo-Shuai Cai, Hao Cai, Xiao Cai, Yanke Cai, Yifan Cai, Zhi-Yan Cai, S. Callier, Steven Calvez, A. Cammi, A. Campeny, Dechang Cai, C. Cao, D. Cao, Guo-Fu Cao, Jun Cao, Yaoqi Cao, R. Caruso, A. Caslini, Cédric Cerna, V. Cerrone, D. Cesini, Chi Chan, Jin-Fan Chang, Yung-Hsi Chang, Milo Charavet, Tim Chariss'e, A. Chatrabhuti, Chao Chen, Guo-Ming Chen, Hai-Tao Chen, Hao-Tian Chen, Jia-Hui Chen, Jian Chen, Jing Chen, Jun-You Chen, Li-Hao Chen, Ma-Li Chen, Ming-Ming Chen, Ping-Ping Chen, Po-An Chen, Quan Chen, Shao-Min Chen, Shen-Jian Chen, Shi Chen, Shiqiang Chen, Si-Si Chen, Xin Chen, Xuan Chen, Xu-Rong Chen, Yi-Wen Chen, Yi-Ming Chen, Yi-Xin Chen, Yu Chen, Ze Chen, Ze-Lin Chen, Zhang Chen, Zhang-Ming Chen, Zhi-Yuan Chen, Zhongchang Chen, Zi-Kang Chen, Brian Cheng, Jie Cheng, Ya-Ping Cheng, Yu-Ching Cheng, Zhao-Kan Cheng, A. Chepurnov, A. Chetverikov, D. Chiesa, P. Chimenti, Yen-Ting Chin, Pin-Jung Chiu, Po-Lin Chou, Zi-Qiao Chu, A. Chukanov, Neetu Raj Singh Chundawat, A. Chuvashova, G. Claverie, C. Clementi, B. Clerbaux, C. Coletta, M. Molla, F. Dal Corso, D. Corti, Salvatore Costa, Simon Csakli, Chenyang Cui, Shanshan Cui, L. D'Auria, O. Dalager, J. Datta, Luis Delgadillo Franco, Jiawei Deng, Zhi Deng, Ziyan Deng, W. Depnering, Hanna Didenko, Xiaoyu Ding, Xuefeng Ding, Yayun Ding, B. Dirgantara, Carsten Dittrich, S. Dmitrievsky, David Doerflinger, T. Dohnal, M. Dolgareva, D. Dolzhikov, C. Dong, Haojie Dong, Jian-Li Dong, Lan Dong, D. Dornic, E. Doroshkevich, Wei Dou, M. Dracos, O. Drapier, Tobias Drohmann, F. Druillole, R. Du, S. Du, Yujie Duan, K. Dugas, S. Dusini, H. Duyang, M. Dvořák, J. Eck, T. Enqvist, H. Enzmann, A. Fabbri, U. Fahrendholz, L. Fajt, D. Fan, Lei Fan, Liangqianjin Fan, Can Fang, Jian Fang, W. Fang, M. Fargetta, E. S. Farilla, A. Fatkina, L. Favart, D. Fedoseev, Zhengyong Fei, F. von Feilitzsch, V. Fekete, Lingling Feng, Q. Feng, Shaoting Feng, G. Ferrante, Federico Ferraro, Daniela Fetzer, G. Fiorentini, A. Formozov, Marcellin Fotz'e, A. Fournier, S. Franke, A. Freegard, Florian Fritsch, Ying Fu, Hao-Ran Gan, Feng Gao, R. Gao, Ruo-Han Gao, Shijiao Gao, A. Garfagnini, G. Gaudiot, A. Gavrikov, R. Gazzini, C. Genster, D. Ghimire, M. Giammarchi, A. Giaz, G. Giordano, N. Giudice, F. Giuliani, A. Goettel, M. Gonchar, Guanqiuyue Gong, Guang-Hua Gong, Hui Gong, M. Gonin, O. Gorchakov, Y. Gornushkin, M. Grassi, C. Grewing, M. Gromov, V. Gromov, M. Gu, Xiaofei Gu, Yun-Ting Gu, M. Guan, Yuduo Guan, N. Guardone, R. M. Guizzetti, Cong Guo, Jingyuan Guo, Wan-Lei Guo, Yu-Hang Guo, P. Hackspacher, C. Hagner, Hechong Han, R. Han, Xiao Han, Yang Han, Ziguo Han, Chuanhui Hao, Jia-Jun Hao, V. Hariharan, Jin-Cheng He, Jinhong He, Miao He, Ming-Tao He, Wei He, Xin-Hai He, Ziou He, T. Heinz, D. Hellgartner, P. Hellmuth, Shi-Lin Heng, Yuekun Heng, R. Herrera, D. Hong, Y. Hor, Shaojing Hou, Zhilong Hou, F. Houria, Y. Hsiung, Bei-Zhen Hu, Hang Hu, Hao Hu, Jianrun Hu, Jun Hu, P. Hu, T. Hu, Wei Hu, Yu-Xiang Hu, Zhuo-Jun Hu, Chun-Hao Huang, Gui-Chan Huang, Hanxiong Huang, He-Xiang Huang, Jin-Hao Huang, Jun-Lin Huang, Jun-Ting Huang, Kai-Rui Huang, Kai-Xuan Huang, Qinhua Huang, Shengheng Huang, Tao Huang, Wenhao Huang, Xiao-Zhong Huang, Xin Huang, Xing-Tao Huang, Yong-Bo Huang, Liangsheng Huang, J. Hui, Lei Huo, C. Huss, S. Hussain, L. Imbert, A. Insolia, A. Ioannisian, D. Ioannisyan, Ammad Ul Islam, R. Isocrate, A. Jacobi, A. Jafar, B. Jelmini, Kuo-Lun Jen, Soeren Jetter, Xiang-Pan Ji, Xiao-Lu Ji, Xingzhao Ji, Hui-Hui Jia, Junji Jia, Yi Jia, Cailian Jiang, Chen Jiang, Guangzheng Jiang, Junjie Jiang, Wei Jiang, Xiao-Shan Jiang, Xiaozhao Jiang, Yi-Jian Jiang, Yi-Xuan Jiang, Yue Jiang, R. Jin, Shuzhu Jin, X. Jing, C. Jollet, Liam Jones, J. Joutsenvaara, S. Jungthawan, P. Kampmann, M. Kaiser, L. Kalousis, Bowen Kan, Li-Ne Kang, M. Karagounis, Rebin Karaparambil, Matej Karas, N. Kazarian, Ali Khan, A. Khan, Amina Khatun, K. Khosonthongkee, Florian Kiel, P. Kinz, D. Korablev, K. Kouzakov, A. Krasnoperov, Z. Krumshteyn, A. Kruth, Tim J. Kuhlbusch, Sergey Kuleshov, Sindhujha Kumaran, Chun-Hao Kuo, N. Kutovskiy, P. Kuusiniemi, L. Labit, T. Lachenmaier, Haojing Lai, ToUyen LamThi, Philipp Landgraf, C. Landini, L. Lastrucci, F. Lazarev, S. Leblanc, V. Lebrin, M. Lecocq, P. Lecomte, F. Lefèvre, L. Lei, Rui Lei, Xiangcui Lei, R. Leitner, P. Lenskii, Jason Leung, Bo Li, Chao Li, Dao-Zheng Li, De-Min Li, Dian Li, Fei-Xiang Li, Fu-Le Li, Gaosong Li, Gaosong Li, Hai-Tao Li, Hong-Jian Li, Huang Li, Hui-Ling Li, Jia-Jun Li, Jia-Qi Li, Jin Li, Kaijie Li, Mei Li, Meng-Zhao Li, Min Li, Nan Li, Qingjiang Li, Quan-Lin Li, Ruhui Li, Rui Li, Shanfeng Li, Shuai-Jie Li, Shuo Li, Tao Li, Teng Li, Wei-Dong Li, Wei-guo Li, Xiao-Mei Li, Xiaonan Li, Xi-Wen Li, Xin-Ying Li, Yang Li, Ya-Wen Li, Yi Li, Yi-Chen Li, Yi-Fan Li, Ying-Ke Li, Yuan-Xia Li, Yu-Feng Li, Ze-Peng Li, Zhao-Han Li, Zhibing Li, Zhi-Wei Li, Zi-Ming Li, Zi-Yuan Li, Zong-Hai Li, An-An Liang, Jing Liang, Jingjing Liang, Jia-Jun Liao, M. Liao, Yi-Lin Liao, Yu-Zhong Liao, D. Liebau, A. Limphirat, S. Limpijumnong, Boran Lin, Guey-lin Lin, Jiming Lin, Sheng-Xin Lin, Tao Lin, Xian-Hao Lin, Xing-Yi Lin, Yen-Hsun Lin, Jiajie Ling, Jiajie Ling, Xin Ling, I. Lippi, Cai-Mei Liu, Fang Liu, Feng-Cheng Liu, Gang Liu, Hai-Dong Liu, Hao-Tian Liu, Hong-Bang Liu, Hong-Juan Liu, Hongtao Liu, Hong-Yang Liu, Hu Liu, Hui Liu, Jiang Liu, Jian-Li Liu, Jia-Xi Liu, Jingao Liu, Jinchang Liu, Jin-Yan Liu, Kainan Liu, Lei Liu, Li-Bing Liu, Mengchao Liu, Meng-Lan Liu, Min Liu, Qi-Shan Liu, Qian Liu, Qin Liu, Runxuan Liu · 年份：2025 · 被引用次数：33 · 研究领域：Physics

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) started physics data taking on 26 August 2025. JUNO consists of a 20-kton liquid scintillator central detector, surrounded by a 35 kton water pool serving as a Cherenkov veto, and almost 1000 m$^2$ of plastic scintillator veto on top. The detector is located in a shallow underground laboratory with an overburden of 1800 m.w.e. This paper presents the performance results of the detector, extensively studied during the commissioning of the water phase, the subsequent liquid scintillator filling phase, and the first physics runs. The liquid scintillator achieved an attenuation length of 20.6 m at 430 nm, while the high coverage PMT system and scintillator together yielded about 1785 photoelectrons per MeV of energy deposit at the detector centre, measured using the 2.223 MeV $\gamma$ from neutron captures on hydrogen with an Am-C calibration source. The reconstructed energy resolution is 3.4% for two 0.511 MeV $\gamma$ at the detector centre and 2.9% for the 0.93 MeV quenched Po-214 alpha decays from natural radioactive sources. The energy nonlinearity is calibrated to better than 1%. Intrinsic contaminations of U-238 and Th-232 in the liquid scintillator are below 10$^{-16}$ g/g, assuming secular equilibrium. The water Cherenkov detector achieves a muon detection efficiency better than 99.9% for muons traversing the liquid scintillator volume. During the initial science runs, the data acquisition duty cycle exceeded 97.8%, de...