Multimodal single-cell datasets characterize antigen-specific CD8+ T cells across SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection

作者：Bingjie Zhang, Rabi Upadhyay, Yuhan Hao, M. Samanovic, R. Herati, John D. Blair, J. Axelrad, M. Mulligan, D. Littman, R. Satija · 发表于：Nature Immunology · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1038/s41590-023-01608-9 · 被引用次数：45 · 研究领域：Medicine

Satija and colleagues use multimodal sequencing technologies and cross-modality integration tools to define distinct subpopulations of CD8^+ T cells that are predictive of COVID-19 severity. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 antigen after infection or vaccination is defined by the durable production of antibodies and T cells. Population-based monitoring typically focuses on antibody titer, but there is a need for improved characterization and quantification of T cell responses. Here, we used multimodal sequencing technologies to perform a longitudinal analysis of circulating human leukocytes collected before and after immunization with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2. Our data indicated distinct subpopulations of CD8^+ T cells, which reliably appeared 28 days after prime vaccination. Using a suite of cross-modality integration tools, we defined their transcriptome, accessible chromatin landscape and immunophenotype, and we identified unique biomarkers within each modality. We further showed that this vaccine-induced population was SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific and capable of rapid clonal expansion. Moreover, we identified these CD8^+ T cell populations in scRNA-seq datasets from COVID-19 patients and found that their relative frequency and differentiation outcomes were predictive of subsequent clinical outcomes.