Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities

作者：Gheorghe Comanici, E. Bieber, Mike Schaekermann, Ice Pasupat, Noveen Sachdeva, Inderjit S. Dhillon, Marcel Blistein, Ori Ram, Dan Zhang, Evan Rosen, Luke Marris, Sam Petulla, Colin Gaffney, A. Aharoni, Nathan Lintz, T. C. Pais, Henrik Jacobsson, Idan Szpektor, Nan-Jiang Jiang, Krishna Haridasan, Ahmed Omran, Nikunj Saunshi, Dara Bahri, Gaurav Mishra, Eric Chu, Toby Boyd, Brad Hekman, Aaron Parisi, Chaoyi Zhang, Kornraphop Kawintiranon, Tania Bedrax-Weiss, O. Wang, Ya Xu, Ollie Purkiss, Uri Mendlovic, Ilai Deutel, Nam Nguyen, A. Langley, Flip Korn, Lucia Rossazza, Alexandre Ram'e, Sagar M. Waghmare, Helen Miller, Vaishakh Keshava, Ying Jian, Xiaofan Zhang, R. A. Popa, Kedar Dhamdhere, Blavz Bratanivc, Kyuyeun Kim, Terry Koo, Ferran Alet, Yi-ting Chen, Arsha Nagrani, Hannah Muckenhirn, Zhiyuan Zhang, Corbin Quick, Filip Paveti'c, D. D. Nguyen, João Carreira, Michael Elabd, Ha-roon Qureshi, Fabian Mentzer, Yao Yang, Danielle Eisenbud, Anmol Gulati, Ellie Talius, Eric Ni, Sahra Ghalebikesabi, Edouard Yvinec, Alaa Saade, Thatcher Ulrich, Lorenzo Blanco, Dan A. Calian, Muhua Huang, Aäron van den Oord, Naman Goyal, Terry Chen, Praynaa Rawlani, C. Schallhart, S. Lokhande, Xianghong Luo, Jyn Shan, Ceslee Montgomery, Victoria Krakovna, Federico Piccinini, Omer Barak, Jingyu Cui, Yiling Jia, Mikhail Dektiarev, A. Kolganov, Shiyu Huang, Zhe Chen, Xingyu Wang, Jessica Austin, Peter de Boursac, Evgeny Sluzhaev, F. Ding, Huijian Li, Surya Bhupatiraju, M. Agarwal, Slawek Kwasiborski, Paramjit Sandhu, Patrick Siegler, Ahmet Iscen, Eyal Ben-David, Shiraz Butt, Miltos Allamanis, Seth Benjamin, R. Busa-Fekete, Félix Hernández-Campos, S. Goldshtein, Matt Dibb, Weiyan Zhang, Annie Marsden, Carey Radebaugh, Stephen Roller, Abhishek Nayyar, Jacob Austin, Tayfun Terzi, Bhargav Kanagal Shamanna, Peter Shaw, Aayush Singh, Florian Luisier, Artur Mendoncca, V. Aggarwal, L. Markeeva, Claudio Fantacci, Sergey Brin, HyunJeong Choe, Guanyu Wang, Hartwig Adam, Avigail Dabush, T. Kiyono, E. Marcus, Jeremy R. Cole, T. Weber, Hongrae Lee, Ronny Huang, Alex Muzio, Leandro Kieliger, Maigo Le, Courtney Biles, Long Le, Archit Sharma, Chengrun Yang, Avery Lamp, Dave Dopson, N. Hurley, Katrina Xu, Zhihao Shan, Shuang Song, Jiewen Tan, Alexandre Senges, G. Zhang, Chong You, Yennie Jun, David Raposo, Susanna Ricco, Xuan Yang, Weijie Chen, Prakhar Gupta, Arthur Szlam, Kevin Villela, Chun-Sung Ferng, Daniel Kasenberg, Chen Liang, Rui Zhu, Arunachalam Narayanaswamy, Florence Perot, Paul Pucciarelli, A. Shekhawat, A. Stern, Rishikesh Ingale, Stefani Karp, Sanaz Bahargam, Adrian Goedeckemeyer, Jie Han, Sicheng Li, A. Tacchetti, Dian Yu, A. Chakladar, Zhiying Zhang, Mona Mahdy, Xu Gao, Dale S. Johnson, Samrat Phatale, A. Piergiovanni, Hyeontaek Lim, C. Farabet, C. Lebsack, Theo Guidroz, John Blitzer, Nico Duduta, David Madras, Steve Li, D. V. Dincklage, X. Li, Mahdis Mahdieh, George Tucker, Ganesh Jawahar, Yunxuan Owen Xiao, Daniel Tarlow, Robert Geirhos, Noam Velan, Daniel Vlasic, Kalesha Bullard, S. Park, Nishesh Gupta, Kellie Webster, Ayal Hitron, Jieming Mao, J. Eisenschlos, Laurel Prince, Nina D'souza, K. Zheng, Sara Nasso, Gabriela Botea, Carl Doersch, Caglar Unlu, Chris Alberti, A. Svyatkovskiy, Ankit Goel, Krzysztof Choromanski, Pan-Pan Jiang, R. Nguyen, Four Flynn, Daria Ćurko, Peter Chen, Nicholas Roth, Kieran Milan, Caleb Habtegebriel, Shashi Narayan, M. Moffitt, Jake Marcus, T. Anthony, Brendan McMahan, Gowoon Cheon, Ruibo Liu, Megan Barnes, Lukasz Lew, Re-beca Santamaria-Fernandez, Mayank Upadhyay, Arjun Akula, A. M. Hrafnkelsson, A. Caceres, Andrew Bunner, Michal Sokolik, Subha Puttagunta, L. Moore, Berivan Isik, Jay Hartford, Lawrence Chan, P. Shenoy, D. Holtmann-Rice, Jane Park, Fabio Viola, Alexandru Salcianu, Sujeevan Rajayogam, Ian Stewart-Binks, Zelin Wu, Richard Everett, Xi Xiong, Pierre-Antoine Manzagol, Gary Leung, Carl Saroufim, Bo Pang, Dawid Wegner, G. Papamakarios, J. Palomaki, Helena Pankov, Guangda Lai, G. Tubone, Shubin Zhao, T. Strinopoulos, Seth Neel, Mingqiu Wang, Joe Kelley, Li Li, Ping-mei Xu, Anitha Vijayakumar, Andrea D'olimpio, Omer Levy, Massimo Nicosia, Grigory Rozhdestvenskiy, Ni Lao, Sirui Xie, Yash Katariya, Jon Simon, Sanjiv Kumar, Florian Hartmann, M. Kilgore, Jinhyuk Lee, Aroma Mahendru, Roman Ring, T. Hennigan, Fiona Lang, Colin Cherry, David Steiner, Dawsen Hwang, Ray Smith, Pidong Wang, Jeremy Chen, Ming Yang, S. Kwei, Philippe Schlattner, Donnie Kim, Ganesh Poomal Girirajan, Nikola Momchev, Ayushi Agarwal, Xingyi Zhou, Ilkin Safarli, Zachary Garrett, AJ Pierigiovanni, Sarthak Jauhari, Alif Raditya Rochman, Shikhar Vashishth, Quan Yuan, Christof Angermueller, Jon Blanton, Xiny-ing Song, N. B. Gundavarapu, Thi Avrahami, Maxine Deines, Subhrajit Roy, Manish Gupta, Christopher Semturs, Shobha Vasudevan, Aditya Srikanth Veerubhotla, Shriya Sharma, Joshy Jacob, Zheng Yang, Andreas Terzis, Dan Karliner, Auriel Wright, Tania Rojas-Esponda, Ashley Brown, A. Roy, Pawan Dogra, A. Kapishnikov, Peter Young, W. Kan, Vinodh K. Rajendran, M. Ivanova, S. Deshmukh, Chia-Hua Ho, Michael Kwong, S. Ginzburg, Annie Louis, KP Sawhney, Slav Petrov, Jing Xie, Yunfei Bai, G. Stoyanov, Alex Fabrikant, Rajesh Jayaram, Yuqi Li, Joseph Heyward, Justin Gilmer, Yaqing Wang, Radu Soricut, Lu Liu, Qing-ping Duan, Jamie Hayes, Maura O'Brien, Gau-rav Singh Tomar, Sivan Eiger, Bahare Fatemi, Jeffrey Hui, Catarina Barros, A. Chukwuka, Alena Butryna, Saksham Thakur, Austin Huang, Zhufeng Pan, Haotian Tang, Serkan Cabi, Tulsee Doshi, Michiel A. Bakker, S. Bagri, Ruy Ley-Wild, Á. Lelkes, J. Lees, P. Kane, David Greene, Shimu Wu, J. Bornschein, G. Surita, Sarah Hodkinson, Fangtao Li, Chris Hidey, Sébastien Pereira, Sean Ammirati, Phillip Lippe, Adam Kraft, Pu Han, Sebastian Gerlach, Zifeng Wang, Liviu Panait, Feng Han, B. Farris, Y. Bi, Hannah DeBalsi, Miaosen Wang, Gladys Tyen, James Cohan, Susan Zhang, Jarred Barber, D. Chung, Jaeyoung Kim, M. Kunesch, S. Pecht, Nami Akazawa, Abe Friesen, James Lyon, Ali Eslami, Junru Wu, Jiewen Tan, Yue Song, Ravin Kumar, Christoper A. Welty, Ilia Akolzin, Gena Gibson, Sean Augenstein, Arjun Pillai, N. Yuen, Du Phan, Xin Wang, Iain Barr, H. Zen, Nan Hua, Casper Liu, Jilei Wang, T. Bhatia, Hao Xu, Oded Elyada, Pushmeet Kohli, Mirek Olvs'ak, Kelly Chen, Azalia Mirhoseini, Noam Shazeer, Shoshana Jakobovits, Maggie Tran, Nolan Ramsden, T. Bharti, Fred Alcober, Yunjie Li, S. Shetty, Jing Chen, Dmitry Kalashnikov, Megha Nawhal, Sercan Ö. Arik, Hanwen Chen, M. Blokzijl, Shubham Gupta, J. Rubin, Rigel Swavely, Sophie Bridgers, I. Gemp, Chenlin Su, A. Suggala, Juliette Pluto, Mary Cassin, Alain C. Vaucher, Kaiyang Ji, J. Cai, Andrew Audibert, Animesh Sinha, David Tian, E. Farkash, Amy Hua, Jilin Chen, Duc Tran, E. Loper, Nicole Brichtova, Lara McConnaughey, Ballie Sandhu, Robert Leland, Douglas DeCarlo, A. Over, J. Huang, Xing Wu, C. Fan, Eric Li, Yun-Peng Lei, Deepak Sharma, Cosmin Paduraru, Luo Yu, Matko Bovsnjak, Phuong Dao, Min Choi, Sneha Kudugunta, Jakub Adamek, C. Guia, Ali Khodaei, Jie Feng, Wenjun Zeng, David Welling, Sandeep Tata, Christina Butterfield · 发表于：arXiv.org · 年份：2025 · 被引用次数：3818 · 研究领域：Computer Science

In this report, we introduce the Gemini 2.X model family: Gemini 2.5 Pro and Gemini 2.5 Flash, as well as our earlier Gemini 2.0 Flash and Flash-Lite models. Gemini 2.5 Pro is our most capable model yet, achieving SoTA performance on frontier coding and reasoning benchmarks. In addition to its incredible coding and reasoning skills, Gemini 2.5 Pro is a thinking model that excels at multimodal understanding and it is now able to process up to 3 hours of video content. Its unique combination of long context, multimodal and reasoning capabilities can be combined to unlock new agentic workflows. Gemini 2.5 Flash provides excellent reasoning abilities at a fraction of the compute and latency requirements and Gemini 2.0 Flash and Flash-Lite provide high performance at low latency and cost. Taken together, the Gemini 2.X model generation spans the full Pareto frontier of model capability vs cost, allowing users to explore the boundaries of what is possible with complex agentic problem solving.