Structure, Function and Diversity of the Healthy Human Microbiome

作者：C. Huttenhower, D. Gevers, R. Knight, Sahar Abubucker, J. Badger, A. Chinwalla, H. Creasy, A. Earl, Michael G. Fitzgerald, R. Fulton, M. Giglio, Kymberlie Hallsworth-Pepin, E. Lobos, R. Madupu, V. Magrini, John Martin, M. Mitreva, D. Muzny, E. Sodergren, J. Versalovic, A. Wollam, K. Worley, J. Wortman, Sarah K. Young, Q. Zeng, K. Aagaard, Olukemi O. Abolude, E. Allen-Vercoe, E. Alm, Lucia Alvarado, G. Andersen, S. Anderson, Elizabeth L. Appelbaum, H. Arachchi, G. Armitage, Cesar Arze, T. Ayvaz, Carl C. Baker, L. Begg, Tsegahiwot Belachew, Veena Bhonagiri, Monika Bihan, M. Blaser, Toby Bloom, Vivien R. Bonazzi, J. Brooks, G. Buck, C. Buhay, D. Busam, Joseph L. Campbell, S. Canon, Brandi L. Cantarel, P. Chain, I. Chen, Lei Chen, Shaila Chhibba, Ken Chu, Dawn M. Ciulla, J. Clemente, S. Clifton, Sean P. Conlan, J. Crabtree, M. A. Cutting, Noam J. Davidovics, Catherine C. Davis, T. DeSantis, C. Deal, Kimberley D. Delehaunty, F. Dewhirst, E. Deych, Yan Ding, D. Dooling, S. Dugan, W. Dunne, A. S. Durkin, Robert C. Edgar, R. Erlich, Candace N. Farmer, R. Farrell, Karoline Faust, M. Feldgarden, V. Felix, Sheila Fisher, A. Fodor, L. Forney, Les Foster, V. D. Francesco, Jonathan Friedman, Dennis C. Friedrich, Catrina C. Fronick, L. Fulton, Hong-Yu Gao, Nathalia C. Garcia, G. Giannoukos, C. Giblin, Maria Y. Giovanni, J. Goldberg, Johannes Goll, Antonio Gonzalez, Allison D. Griggs, Sharvari Gujja, S. Haake, B. Haas, Holli A. Hamilton, Emily L. Harris, Theresa A. Hepburn, Brandi N. Herter, D. Hoffmann, M. Holder, Clinton Howarth, Katherine H. Huang, Susan M. Huse, J. Izard, J. Jansson, Huaiyang Jiang, C. Jordan, Vandita Joshi, J. Katancik, W. Keitel, S. Kelley, C. Kells, N. King, D. Knights, Heidi H. Kong, O. Koren, S. Koren, Karthik Kota, C. Kovar, N. Kyrpides, P. Rosa, Sandy Lee, Katherine P. Lemon, N. Lennon, Cecil M. Lewis, L. Lewis, R. Ley, Kelvin Li, K. Liolios, Bo Liu, Yue Liu, C. Lo, C. Lozupone, R. Lunsford, T. Madden, Anup A. Mahurkar, P. Mannon, E. Mardis, V. Markowitz, K. Mavromatis, J. McCorrison, Daniel McDonald, J. Mcewen, A. McGuire, P. Mcinnes, Teena Mehta, K. Mihindukulasuriya, J. Miller, P. Minx, I. Newsham, C. Nusbaum, M. O'Laughlin, Joshua Orvis, I. Pagani, Krishna Palaniappan, Shital M. Patel, Matthew D. Pearson, Jane L. Peterson, M. Podar, C. Pohl, K. Pollard, Mihai Pop, M. Priest, L. Proctor, X. Qin, J. Raes, J. Ravel, J. Reid, Mina Rho, R. Rhodes, Kevin P. Riehle, Maria C. Rivera, B. Rodriguez-Mueller, Y. Rogers, M. C. Ross, C. Russ, Ravi K. Sanka, P. Sankar, J. Sathirapongsasuti, J. Schloss, P. Schloss, T. Schmidt, M. Scholz, L. Schriml, Alyxandria M. Schubert, N. Segata, J. Segre, W. Shannon, R. Sharp, T. Sharpton, N. Shenoy, N. Sheth, Gina A. Simone, Indresh Singh, C. Smillie, J. Sobel, Daniel D. Sommer, Paul G. Spicer, G. Sutton, S. Sykes, D. Tabbaa, M. Thiagarajan, Chad Tomlinson, Manolito G. Torralba, Todd J. Treangen, R. Truty, T. Vishnivetskaya, Jason R. Walker, Lu Wang, Zhengyuan O. Wang, D. Ward, W. Warren, M. Watson, Christopher R. Wellington, K. Wetterstrand, J. White, Katarzyna Wilczek-Boney, Yuanqing Wu, K. Wylie, T. Wylie, C. Yandava, Liang Ye, Yuzhen Ye, S. Yooseph, Bonnie P. Youmans, Lan Zhang, Yan-Jiao Zhou, Yi-Ming Zhu, L. Zoloth, J. Zucker, B. Birren, R. Gibbs, S. Highlander, B. Methé, K. Nelson, J. Petrosino, G. Weinstock, Richard K. Wilson, O. White · 发表于：Nature · 年份：2012 · DOI：10.1038/nature11234 · 被引用次数：10901 · 研究领域：Biology、Medicine

Studies of the human microbiome have revealed that even healthy individuals differ remarkably in the microbes that occupy habitats such as the gut, skin and vagina. Much of this diversity remains unexplained, although diet, environment, host genetics and early microbial exposure have all been implicated. Accordingly, to characterize the ecology of human-associated microbial communities, the Human Microbiome Project has analysed the largest cohort and set of distinct, clinically relevant body habitats so far. We found the diversity and abundance of each habitat’s signature microbes to vary widely even among healthy subjects, with strong niche specialization both within and among individuals. The project encountered an estimated 81–99% of the genera, enzyme families and community configurations occupied by the healthy Western microbiome. Metagenomic carriage of metabolic pathways was stable among individuals despite variation in community structure, and ethnic/racial background proved to be one of the strongest associations of both pathways and microbes with clinical metadata. These results thus delineate the range of structural and functional configurations normal in the microbial communities of a healthy population, enabling future characterization of the epidemiology, ecology and translational applications of the human microbiome.