Quorum-sensing, microbiome interactions, and emerging artificial intelligence-assisted anti-virulence strategies in Salmonella Typhi: a critical review of translational opportunities and challenges

作者：Bhuiyan MNI, Saha BK, Miah MAS · 发表于：Archives of microbiology · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1007/s00203-026-05085-0 · 研究领域：Quorum Sensing、Salmonella typhi、Artificial Intelligence、Typhoid Fever、Microbiota、Virulence、Humans、Animals、Anti-Bacterial Agents、Homoserine、Lactones

Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi), remains a significant global health challenge that is increasingly complicated by the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant strains. Growing limitations of antibiotic-centered treatment strategies have stimulated interest in anti-virulence approaches targeting bacterial regulatory networks rather than viability alone. Among these, quorum-sensing (QS), particularly the LuxS-mediated autoinducer-2 (AI-2) signaling system, has emerged as a potential regulator of virulence-associated phenotypes, biofilm formation, stress adaptation, microbial communication, and host-associated persistence. This review critically evaluated the current understanding of QS biology in S. Typhi while distinguishing experimentally validated findings from evidence extrapolated from non-typhoidal Salmonella and other enteric bacteria. We examine the ecological interplay between QS, gut microbiome dynamics, and host responses, highlighting how microbial communication networks influence pathogen adaptation and colonization resistance. Emerging anti-QS strategies, including microbiome-mediated quorum quenching, probiotics, postbiotics, phytochemicals, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophage-associated approaches, signal-degrading enzymes, and nucleic acid-based interventions, are comparatively assessed with respect to their mechanisms, evidence strength, translational readi...