A decade of progress in small-cell lung cancer (2015-2025): a narrative review

作者：Petrelli F, Dottorini L, Ghidini A, Iaculli A · 发表于：European journal of clinical pharmacology · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1007/s00228-026-04119-2 · 研究领域：Lung Neoplasms、Small Cell Lung Carcinoma、Humans、Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols

INTRODUCTION: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 13-15% of lung-cancer diagnoses but nearly one quarter of lung-cancer-related deaths. Until 2015, the combination of platinum-etoposide chemotherapy, thoracic radiotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) had kept median overall survival broadly stable at ≈ 12 months in extensive-stage (ES-SCLC) and ≈ 24 months in limited-stage (LS-SCLC) disease. We summarise the key therapeutic advances of the last decade. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a curated narrative review. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, FDA and EMA releases and ASCO/ESMO/WCLC abstracts published between January 2015 and May 2025 were searched for phase II/III trials, regulatory approvals and biomarker studies in SCLC. Quantitative pooling was not performed. Practice-changing trials, selected pivotal phase II studies that led to regulatory approval, translational papers that re-defined the molecular taxonomy and informative negative trials were prioritised for in-depth discussion. A PRISMA-style flow diagram (Fig. 1) summarises the selection process. RESULTS: Consolidative thoracic radiotherapy improved 2-year OS in ES-SCLC responders (CREST: 13% vs. 3%; HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69-1.01) and brain-MRI surveillance preserved cognition while replacing routine PCI in patients with ES-SCLC who had access to neuro-imaging. IMpower133 and CASPIAN established first-line chemo-immunotherapy: adding atezolizumab or durvalumab to platinum-etoposide exten...