Study on the function of HIF-1α in the infection of Penaeus vannamei by Vibrio parahaemolyticus

作者：Ma Z, Hong C, Zhou L, Zhao X, Li Q, Liu Q, Zhu W, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Peng M, Chen X, Huang A · 发表于：Fish & shellfish immunology · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111441 · 研究领域：Vibrio parahaemolyticus、Penaeidae、Immunity, Innate、Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit、Gene Expression Regulation、Animals、Arthropod Proteins、Amino Acid Sequence、Sequence Alignment、Gene Expression Profiling、Phylogeny

Vibrio parahaemolyticus-induced acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) has become a prominent limiting factor in the global shrimp farming industry. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) coordinates oxygen sensing with immune and metabolic reprogramming, yet its contribution to antibacterial defense in Penaeus vannamei remains poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized P. vannamei HIF-1α, which encodes a 1050-aa protein containing the conserved HLH-PAS-PAC domains. HIF-1α transcripts were detected in all examined tissues, with the highest abundance in the gill. RNAi-mediated HIF-1α silencing increased bacterial load and mortality and exacerbated intestinal and hepatopancreatic lesions after V. parahaemolyticus challenge. Consistently, hemolymph analyses indicated that HIF-1α depletion accelerated hemocyte loss, augmented mitochondrial membrane depolarization, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and reduced glutathione (GSH) content, peroxidase (POD) and lysozyme activities. Transcriptome profiling further revealed 79 core genes downregulated upon HIF-1α silencing, which were enriched in immune response, redox homeostasis, autophagy, mitochondrial function, and amino acid/lipid metabolism. Moreover, HIF-1α positively regulated mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and HIF-1α silencing reduced the expression of hemocyte antimicrobial effectors, including anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs), lysozymes (LYZs), crustins (...