Prevalence and influencing factors of malnutrition in maintenance hemodialysis patients in China: a systematic review

作者：Ban Y, Zhang H, Wei Q, Chen F, Wen X, Yin L · 发表于：Frontiers in public health · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.3389/fpubh.2026.1771997 · 被引用次数：53 · 研究领域：Renal Dialysis、Malnutrition、Renal Insufficiency, Chronic、Humans、China、Prevalence、Risk Factors、Incidence

BACKGROUND: The number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to rise in China, where maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) is a primary treatment. However, long-term hemodialysis is frequently associated with malnutrition, which severely compromises patients' quality of life and prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the incidence and influencing factors of malnutrition in MHD patients by using Meta-analysis methods, thereby providing a basis for early clinical identification and intervention. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, Wan Fang Data and SinoMed. The search covered the period from database inception to October 10, 2025, for studies investigating factors influencing malnutrition in MHD patients. Data were analyzed using Stata 15.0. A random-effects model was applied in cases of substantial heterogeneity (I 2 ≥ 50%), otherwise a fixed-effects model was used. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test, and the trim-and-fill method was employed if necessary. RESULTS: A total of 26 studies involving 5,055 patients were included, and the overall incidence of malnutrition in MHD patients was 46.9% (95% CI: 41.8-52%). Meta-analysis showed that age (OR = 1.509), body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.544), dialysis vintage (OR = 2.265), urea clearance index (Kt/V) (OR = 2.019), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 3.013), high-sensitivity C-reactive ...