Common multimodal neuroimaging mechanism of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep initiation difficulty in the developing brain

作者：Zu Y, Pang T, Luo L, Liufu C, Xu Z, Li W, Qian Y, Lv L, Chang S · 发表于：NeuroImage · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121795 · 研究领域：Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity、Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders、Brain、Nerve Net、Humans、Male、Magnetic Resonance Imaging、Female、Child、Neuroimaging、Multimodal Imaging、Adolescent

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. Studies indicate that 20-55 % of individuals with ADHD experience comorbid sleep disturbances, among which, sleep initiation difficulty (SID) is highly correlated with hyperactivity behaviors. However, the underlying neuroimaging mechanisms common to ADHD and sleep initiation difficulty remain poorly understood. METHODS: This study used multimodal neuroimaging data and ADHD, SID phenotype data from the ABCD Study (n = 11,868; 52.1 % male) to identify neuroimaging markers common to both conditions using linear regression. Then, these common neuroimaging features were analyzed across different ADHD trajectory groups, which were determined by latent class growth analysis (LCGA). Random-intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) were further used to examine their longitudinal relationships. RESULTS: Inter-network connectivity between the dorsal attention network and default mode network (DMN-DAN) from rest-fMRI, specific cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits involving the right orbitofrontal cortex volume from brain structural imaging and several major white matter tracts were significantly associated with both ADHD symptoms and SID. These neuroimaging markers collectively mediated the relationship between ADHD and SID. Furthermore, three distinct ADHD trajectories were identified and showed different association pattern with neuroimaging features and lagged effects between A...