Antioxidant defense system responses, lysosomal membrane stability and DNA damage in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid: an integrated biomarker approach to evaluating toxicity

作者：Wang Z, Li C, Shao Y, Xue W, Wang N, Xu X, Zhang Z · 发表于：RSC advances · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1039/d1ra04097a · 被引用次数：82

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the most representative perfluoroalkyl substances and has garnered intense human and ecological health concerns due to its ubiquity in the environment, bio-accumulative nature and potential toxicological effects. In this study, an artificial soil containing PFOA was used to evaluate the biological toxicity of PFOA to earthworms Eisenia fetida. Six kinds of oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) and DNA damage in earthworms were detected after exposure to 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 120 mg kg-1 PFOA in the soil for 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. The results of multi-biomarker responses indicated that PFOA can induce various adverse effects on earthworms, including growth inhibition, oxidative stress and genotoxicity, resulting in lipid membrane peroxidation, decreased lysosomal membrane stability and DNA damage. LPO, LMS and DNA damage all presented dose- and time-dependent relationships. An integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was applied to summarize the multi-biomarker responses to star plots, and the IBR value was calculated as the area of the plots to indicate the integrated stress of PFOA on earthworms. The IBR index showed that the integrated stress induced by PFOA increased markedly throughout the exposure period, exhibiting a co...