Emergent Spacetime from Self-Referential Computation: A Hierarchical Cellular Automaton Framework

作者：Matthias Gruber · 发表于：Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.5281/zenodo.22118645 · 研究领域：Cellular Automata and Applications、Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms、Quantum many-body systems

This paper proposes a cosmological model — the Singularity-Bounded Holographic Class 4 Automaton (SB-HC4A) — derived from the convergence of four independently motivated frameworks: a five-class computational taxonomy that refines Wolfram's (2002) classification by separating fractal from random dynamics, a theoretical framework for self-referential computation in self-modeling systems (Gruber, 2015, 2026a, 2026b) which identifies self-referential simulation at criticality as a universal computational pattern, and 't Hooft's (1993, 2016) holographic automaton interpretation of quantum mechanics. The model proceeds by elimination: Classes 1–3 cannot sustain the universal computation the universe demonstrably supports; Class 5 (genuine randomness) makes physics fundamentally impossible; therefore the universe operates at Class 4 — the edge of chaos. Combined with the information-theoretic observation that singularities at every physical scale (Planck regime, particle interiors, event horizons, cosmological horizons, temporal endpoints) share the property of information impermeability and Bekenstein saturation, the model proposes that these singularities are structurally identical — scale-invariant instances of the same information boundary. The resulting architecture is a self-referential holographic Class 4 automaton bounded at every scale by singularity surfaces, where the observable interior is the "simulation" and the singularity boundary is the "substrate." All singulariti...