Psychological reliance and ethical orientation in entrepreneurial intentions among university students: an applied psychology approach to employment and innovation

作者：Xin Hao, Meng Bai · 发表于：Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scientific Electronic Library Online) · 年份：2026 · 研究领域：Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences、Higher Education and Employability、Ethics in Business and Education

Abstract: This study explores the role of psychological reliance, ethical orientation, and entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Pakistan using a qualitative, media-based research approach. Drawing on student media reports published on the official websites of five public and five private universities, the study examines how students construct meanings around entrepreneurship, employment, and innovation within different institutional contexts. Using inductive thematic and qualitative content analysis techniques, key psychological, ethical, and entrepreneurial narratives were identified and compared across public and private universities. The findings reveal that psychological reliance -manifested through confidence, resilience, and self-reliance- serves as a foundational driver of entrepreneurial intentions across both sectors. However, notable differences emerge in ethical framing, employment perceptions, and innovation orientation. Public university students tend to frame entrepreneurship as a socially responsible response to employment insecurity, while private university students emphasize market adaptability, professional ethics, and innovation-driven career advancement. The study highlights the importance of integrating applied psychological perspectives and ethical considerations into entrepreneurship development strategies. By utilizing naturally occurring media narratives, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how institutional con-...