Cropping system regulates the optimal organic substitution ratio via soil-plant nitrogen and phosphorus transformation and utilization

作者：Yaqian Yan, Haiyang Jin, Yuan Huang, Hang Song, Jiarui Wang, Baoting Fang, Zheng Fei, Haifang Pang, Xiwen Yang, Xiangdong Li, 贺德先 · 发表于：Frontiers in Plant Science · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.3389/fpls.2026.1877524 · 研究领域：Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics、Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism、Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems

Introduction The optimal of organic fertilizer for substituting chemical fertilizer in a specific planting system is unclear. This study aimed to clarify how organic substitution regulates nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transformation and utilization in the soil–wheat system under different cropping systems. Methods This study investigated three organic fertilizer substitution (0%, 25%, 50%) on N and P transformation and utilization in the soil-wheat environment under maize-wheat (MW), peanut-wheat (PW), and soybean-wheat (SW) cropping systems. Indicators related to rhizosphere soil N (N-acq) and P-acquiring (P-acq) enzyme activities, wheat root N and P metabolism enzyme activities, N and P nutrient accumulation and utilization, and yield. Results Organic substitution reduced the N-acq enzyme activity in the rhizosphere soil (2.50%-35.32%) and the mineral N (N min ) content, but increased the P-acq enzyme activity (0.81% to 18.15%) and the available P (AP) content (0.68%-31.51%). It also enhanced the N (NR, GS, GDH, GOGAT) and P metabolism (ACP) enzymes in wheat roots, thereby promoting the accumulation of N and P. Under the MW, the 25% substitution rate performed best root N and P metabolism enzyme activities, N and P-use efficiency (NUE, PUE), and grain N and P accumulation. Meanwhile, under the SW and PW, the 50% substitution rate was superior. Discussion The key drivers of yield formation were N related parameters under the MW and P related parameters under the SW and PW...