Virus reactivation in acute and long COVID-19

作者：Cole P. Maguire, Jing Chen, Nadine Rouphael, Brinkley A. Morse, Annmarie Hoch, Harry C. Pickering, Hoang Van Phan, Abigail Leigh Glascock, Victoria Chu, Ravi Dandekar, IMPACC Network, Steven M. Holland, Lindsey B. Rosen, Serena Lee, Tatyana Vaysman, Joann Diray-Arce, Jing Chen, Alvin T. Kho, Carly E. Milliren, Ana C. Chang, Kerry McEnaney, Caitlin Syphurs, Brenda Barton, Claudia Lentucci, Maimouna D. Murphy, Mehmet Saluvan, Tanzia Shaheen, Shanshan Liu, Albert Marisa, Arash Nemati Hayati, Robert Bryant, JAMES ABRAHAM, Mitchell Cooney, Meagan Karoly, Naresh Doni Jayavelu, Scott Presnell, Bernard Kohr, Tomasz Jancsyk, Azlann Arnett, James A. Overton, Randi Vita, Kerstin Westendorf, James A. Overton, Ofer Levy, Hanno Steen, Patrick van Zalm, Benoit Fatou, Kinga K. Smolen, Arthur Viodé, Simon D. van Haren, Meenakshi Jha, David Stevenson, Athena N. Nguyen, Alec L. Plotkin, Sanya Thomas, Boryana Petrova, Naama Kanarek, Kevin Mendez, J A Lasky-Su, Alexandra Tong, Rebecca Rooks, Michael Desjardins, Amy C Sherman, Stephen R. Walsh, Xhoi Mitre, Jessica Cauley, Xiaofang Li, Bethany Evans, Christina Montesano, Jose Humberto Licona, Jonathan Krauss, Nicholas C Issa, Jun Bai Park Chang, Natalie Izaguirre, Scott R. Hutton, Greg Michelotti, Kari Wong, Scott J. Tebbutt, Casey P. Shannon, Slim Fourati, Paul Harris, Scott Sieg, George A. Yendewa, Mary C. Consolo, Heather Tribout, Susan Pereira Ribeiro, Michele A. Kutzler, Mariana Bernui, Gina M. Cusimano, Jennifer R Connors, Kyra Woloszczuk, David R. Joyner, Carolyn Edwards, Edward Lee, Edward H. Lin, Nataliya Melnyk, Debra L. Powell, James N. Kim, I. Michael Goonewardene, Brent Simmons, Cecilia M. Smith, Mark Martens, Brett Croen, Nicholas C. Semenza, Mathew R. Bell, Sara Furukawa, Renee McLin, George P. Tegos, Brandon C. Rogowski, Nathan Mege, Kristen Ulring, Pam Schearer, Judie Sheidy, Crystal Nagle, Vicki Seyfert-Margolis, Arun Kumar Boddapati, Greg K. Tharp, Kathryn L. Pellegrini, Brandi Johnson, Bernadine Panganiban, Christopher Huerta, Evan J. Anderson, Hady Samaha, Jonathan E. Sevransky, Laurel Bristow, Elizabeth N. Beagle, David Cowan, Sydney Hamilton, Thomas Hodder, Amer Bechnak, Andrew Cheng, Aneesh Mehta, Caroline Rose Ciric, Christine Spainhour, Erin M. Carter, Erin M. Scherer, Jacob Usher, Kieffer Hellmeister, Laila Hussaini, Lauren Hewitt, Nina Mcnair, Susan Pereira Ribeiro, Sonia Wimalasena, Harm van Bakel, Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche, Jingjing Qi, Brian Lee, Juan Manuel Carreño, Gagandeep Singh, Ariel J. Raskin, Johnstone Tcheou, Zain Khalil, Adriana van de Guchte, Keith Farrugia, Zenab Khan, Geoffrey Kelly, Komal Srivastava, Lily Q. Eaker, Maria Carolina Bermúdez-González, Lubbertus C. F. Mulder, Katherine F. Beach, Miti S. Saksena, Deena R. Altman, Erna Kojic, Levy A. Sominsky, Arman Azad, Dominika A. Bielak, Hisaaki Kawabata, Temima Yellin, Miriam Fried, Leeba Sullivan, Sara Morris, Giulio Kleiner, Daniel Stadlbauer, Jayeeta Dutta, Hui Xie, Manishkumar Patel, Kai Nie, Brian Monahan, Adeeb Rahman, Sarah A. R. Siegel, Peter E. Sullivan, Zhengchun Lu, Amanda E. Brunton, Matthew Strand, Zoë L. Lyski, Felicity J. Coulter, Courtney Micheletti, Yael Rosenberg‐Hasson, Michael Leipold, Natalia Sigal, Angela Rogers, Andrea Fernandes, Monali Manohar, Evan Do, Iris Chang, Alexandra S. Lee, Catherine A. Blish, Henna Naz Din, Jonasel Roque, Linda N. Geng, Maja Artandi, Neera K. Ahuja, Samuel S. Yang, R. Sharon Chinthrajah, Thomas Hagan, Tyson H. Holmes, Koji Abe, Ramin Salehi-Rad, Adreanne M. Rivera, Harry C. Pickering, Subha Sen, David Elashoff, Dawn C. Ward, Jenny Brook, Estefania Ramires‐Sanchez, Megan Llamas, Claudia Perdomo, Clara E. Magyar, Jennifer A. Fulcher, David J. Erle, Carolyn M. Hendrickson, Kirsten Neudoerffer Kangelaris, Việt Hoa Nguyễn, Deanna Lee, Suzanna Chak, Rajani Ghale, Ana Gonzalez, Alejandra Jáuregui, Carolyn Leroux, Luz Torres Altamirano, Ahmad Sadeed Rashid, Andrew Willmore, Prescott G. Woodruff, Matthew F. Krummel, Sidney Carrillo, Alyssa Ward, Ravi Patel, Bonny D. Alvarenga, Jayant Rajan, Andrew W. Schroeder, Gabriela K. Fragiadakis, Alexandra Tsitsiklis, Eran Mick, Yanedth Sanchez Guerrero, Christina Love, Lenka Maliskova, Michael Adkisson, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Alexander Beagle, Arjun Rao, Austin Sigman, Bushra Samad, Cindy Curiel, Cole Shaw, Gayelan Tietje-Ulrich, Jeff Milush, Jonathan Singer, Joshua J. Vasquez, Kevin Tang, Legna Betancourt, Lekshmi Santhosh, Logan Pierce, Maria Tecero Paz, Michael Matthay, Neeta Thakur, Nicklaus Rodriguez, Nicole Sutter, Norman G. Jones, Pratik Sinha, Priya Prasad, Raphael Lota, Saurabh Asthana, Sharvari Bhide, Tasha Lea, Yumiko Abe‐Jones, David A. Hafler, Ruth R. Montgomery, Albert C. Shaw, Jeremy P. Gygi, Dylan Duchen, Shrikant Pawar, Anna Konstorum, Ernie Chen, Chris Cotsapas, Xiaomei Wang, Charles Dela Cruz, Akiko Iwasaki, Subhasis Mohanty, Allison Nelson, Yujiao Zhao, Shelli Farhadian, Hiromitsu Asashima, Omkar Chaudhary, Andreas C. Coppi, John Byrne Fournier, M. Catherine Muenker, Khadir Raddassi, Michael Rainone, W. E. Ruff, Syim Salahuddin, Wade L. Shulz, Pavithra Vijayakumar, Haowei Wang, Esio Wunder, H. Patrick Young, Albert Icksang Ko, Gisela Gabernet, Denise Esserman, Anderson Fernandes Brito, Jessica E. Rothman, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Kexin Wang, Leqi Xu, David B. Corry, Li-Zhen Song, Ebony Nelson, Lauren A. Sinko, J. Leland Booth, Douglas A. Drevets, Brent R. Brown, Christian Bime, Jarrod Mosier, Heidi E. Erickson, Ron Schunk, Hiroki Kimura, Michelle Conway, Dave Francisco, Allyson Molzahn, Connie Cathleen Wilson, Trina Hughes, Bianca Sierra, Ricardo F. Ungaro, Brittany Roth Manning, Lyle Moldawer, Jordan Oberhaus, Faheem W. Guirgis, Brittney Borresen, Matthew L. Anderson, D K Wylie, Justin F. Rousseau, Kerin C. Hurley, Janelle N. Geltman, Nadia Siles, Jacob E. Rogers, Pablo Guaman Tipan, David Brian Corry, Farrah Kheradmand, Lindsey Robert Baden, Rafick‐Pierre Sékaly, Grace A. McComsey, Elias K. Haddad, Charles B. Cairns, Bali Pulendran, Ana Fernández-Sesma, Viviana R. Simon, Jordan Patrick Metcalf, Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita, William B. Messer, Mark M. Davis, Kari Christine Nadeau, Monica Kraft, Chris Bime, Joanna Schaenman, David J. Erle, Carolyn S. Calfee, Mark A. Atkinson, Scott C. Brakenridge, Lauren I. R. Ehrlich, Ruth R. Montgomery, Albert Shaw, Catherine Lee Hough, David A. Hafler, Alison Deckhut Augustine, Patrice M. Becker, Bjoern Peters, Al Ozonoff, Seunghee Kim‐Schulze, Florian Krammer, Steven E. Bosinger, Walter Eckalbar, Matthew C. Altman, Michael R. Wilson, Leying Guan, Steven H. Kleinstein, Kinga K. Smolen, Elaine F. Reed, Ofer Levy, Holden Terry Maecker, Peter Hunt, Hanno Steen, Joann Diray‐Arce, Charles Langelier, Esther C. Melamed · 发表于：Nature · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1038/s41586-026-10740-z · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research、COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies、Long-Term Effects of COVID-19

. Here, leveraging multi-omic longitudinal data from 1,154 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from the Immunophenotyping Assessment in a COVID-19 Cohort (IMPACC) study, we reveal significant reactivation of Herpesviridae and Anelloviridae during acute COVID-19, with distinct temporal dynamics for different viruses, and demonstrate that reactivation correlates with disease severity, host immune effects and clinical outcomes. Although our results do not establish causation between virus reactivation and clinical outcomes, we highlight the prevalence of chronic viral reactivation during acute COVID-19 and long COVID. Our findings challenge the prevailing view that chronic viral reactivation is primarily a consequence of immunosuppression, demonstrating that reactivations occur frequently in immunocompetent individuals during severe illness and in association with increased systemic inflammation. Additionally, we demonstrate persistence of viral reactivation in convalescence, and report an association of Anelloviridae with long COVID. This study provides immune, transcriptomic and metabolomic signatures of viral reactivation that could inform future strategies to prognosticate and treat acute COVID-19 and long COVID.