Final assessment of radioactive impurities in the JUNO detector

作者：Thomas Adam, Fengpeng An, Costas Andreopoulos, Giuseppe Andronico, Nikolay Anfimov, Vito Antonelli, Tatiana Antoshkina, J. P. A. M. de André, Didier Auguste, Nikita Balashov, Andrea Barresi, D. Basilico, E. Baussan, Marco Beretta, Antonio Bergnoli, Nikita Bessonov, D. Bick, Lukas Bieger, S. Biktemerova, Thilo Birkenfeld, Simon Blyth, Manuel Böhles, Anastasia Bolshakova, Mathieu Bongrand, M. Borghesi, D. Breton, A. Brigatti, R Brugnera, Riccardo Bruno, Antonio Budano, J. Busto, Marcel Büchner, Anatael Cabrera, Barbara Caccianiga, Hao Cai, 蔡啸, Yi-Zhou Cai, S Callier, Antonio Cammi, Guofu Cao, Jun Cao, Yaoqi Cao, R. Caruso, C. Cerna, Vanessa Cerrone, Chang Jm, Yun Chang, Tim Charissé, Chao Chen, Haotian Chen, Jiahui Chen, Jian Chen, Jing Chen, Junyou Chen, Pingping Chen, Shaomin Chen, Shiqiang Chen, Yixue Chen, Yu Chen, Ze Chen, Zhangming Chen, Zhiyuan Chen, Zhongchang Chen, Jie Cheng, Yaping Cheng, Yu Chin Cheng, A Chepurnov, Alexey Chetverikov, Davide Chiesa, Ziliang Chu, A. Chukanov, Gérard Claverie, Catia Clementi, Barbara Clerbaux, Claudio Coletta, Marta Colomer Molla, Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo, Chenyang Cui, Lorenzo Vincenzo D’Auria, C. De La Taille, Luca Franco, Ziyan Deng, Xiaoyu Ding, Xuefeng Ding, Yan Ding, Sergey Dmitrievsky, Dmitry Dolzhikov, Chuanshi Dong, Haojie Dong, J. Dong, M. Dracos, Frédéric Druillole, Ran Du, Shuxian Du, Katherine Dugas, Stefano Dusini, H. Duyang, Jessica Eck, Andrea Fabbri, Ulrike Fahrendholz, Gaofeng Fan, Lei Fan, Liangqianjin Fan, Ji Fang, Wenxing Fang, Dmitry Fedoseev, Qichun Feng, Shi‐Ting Feng, G. Ferrante, Daniela Fetzer, Marcellin Fotzé, Amélie Fournier, A. C. Freegard, Y Fu, Feng Gao, A. Garfagnini, Arsenii Gavrikov, Diwash Ghimire, Marco Giammarchi, Nunzio Giudice, Maxim Gonchar, Guanda Gong, Guanghua Gong, Yuri Gornushkin, Marco Grassi, M. Gromov, Vasily Gromov, Minhao Gu, Xiaofei Gu, Yu Gu, Mengyun Guan, Yuduo Guan, Nunzio Guardone, Rosa Maria Guizzetti, Cong Guo, Wanlei 万磊 Guo 郭, Caren Hagner, Hechong Han, Yang Han, Chuanhui Hao, Miao He, Wei He, Xinhai He, Ziou He, Patrick Hellmuth, Yuekun Heng, YuenKeung Hor, S. Hou, Fatima Houria, Yee Hsiung, Bei-Zhen Hu, Jun Hu, Hu T, Lian-Chen Huang, G Q Huang, Jinhao Huang, Junlin Huang, Junting Huang, Kaixuan Huang, Sicong Huang, Tao Huang, XJ Huang, XJ Huang, Yongbo Huang, Jiaqi Hui, Lei Huo, Cédric Huss, Ammad Ul Islam, Arnd Jacobi, Arshak Jafar, Xiangpan Ji, Xiaolu Ji, Junji Jia, Cailian Jiang, C Y Jiang, Guangzheng Jiang, J Jiang, X. Jiang, Xiaozhao Jiang, Yijian Jiang, Yixuan Jiang, Xiaoping Jing, C. Jollet, Liam Jones, Amina Khatun, Khanchai Khosonthongkee, D. Korablev, Alexey Krasnoperov, S. Kumaran, C M Kuo, Nikolay Kutovskiy, Loïc Labit, Tobias Lachenmaier, Haojing Lai, Cecilia Landini, Lorenzo Lastrucci, Sébastien Leblanc, Matthieu Lecocq, Ruiting Lei, Rupert Leitner, Petr Lenskii, Demin Li, Fei Li, Gaosong Li, Jiajun Li, Meiou Li, Min Li, Nan Li, R K Li, R K Li, Shanfeng 山峰 Li 黎, Shuo Li, Teng Li, Weidong Li, Xiaonan Li, Yichen Li, Yifan Li, Yingke Li, Yufeng Li, Zhaohan Li, Zhibing Li, Zi-Ming Li, An-An Liang, J G Liao, Minghua Liao, Yilin Liao, Ayut Limphirat, Bo-Chun Lin, Guey-Lin Lin, Shengxin Lin, Tao Lin, Xingyi Lin, Jiajie Ling, Xin Ling, Ivano Lippi, Caimei Liu, Fang Liu, Haidong Liu, Hongbang Liu, Hongjuan Liu, Jianglai Liu, Jiaxi Liu, Jinchang Liu, Kainan Liu, Min Liu, Qian Liu, Liu S, Liu S, Ximing Liu, Xuewei Liu, Yankai Liu, Yiqi Liu, Zhipeng Liu, Zhuo Liu, Lorenzo Loi, P. Lombardi, Kai Loo, Hüseyin Ozan Ҫirkinoğlu, Junguang Lu, Meishu Lu, S Lu, Xianguo Lu, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim Lubsandorzhiev, Livia Ludhova, Arslan Lukanov, Fengjiao Luo, Guang Luo, Shu Luo, Shu Luo, Wuming Luo, Xiaoman Luo, Bangzheng Ma, B Y Ma, Qiumei Ma, Si 斯 Ma 马, Wing Yan Ma, Xiaoyan Ma, Xubo Ma, Jihane Maalmi, Jingyu Mai, Marco Malabarba, Yury Malyshkin, Roberto Carlos Mandujano, Fabio Mantovani, Stefano M. Mari, Agnese Martini, Johann Martyn, Matthias Mayer, Yue Meng, Anselmo Meregaglia, Lino Miramonti, M. Montuschi, Cristobal Morales Reveco, Iwan Morton-Blake, Xiangyi Mu, Lakshmi Murgod, Massimiliano Nastasi, Dmitry V. Naumov, Elena Naumova, Igor Nemchenok, Elisabeth Neuerburg, Feipeng Ning, Zhe Ning, Yujie Niu, Lothar Oberauer, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, Alexander Olshevskiy, Domizia Orestano, F. Ortica, Rainer Othegraven, Yifei Pan, Alessandro Paoloni, George Parker, Yatian Pei, Luca Pelicci, Anguo Peng, Y Peng, Zhaoyuan Peng, Elisa Percalli, Willy Perrin, Frédéric Perrot, F Petrucci, Oliver Pilarczyk, Pascal Poussot, Ezio Previtali, Fazhi Qi, Ming Qi, Sen Qian, Xiaohui Qian, Zhonghua Qin, Shoukang Qiu, Manhao Qu, Zhenning Qu, Gioacchino Ranucci, Thomas Raymond, Alessandra Re, Abdel Rebii, Bin Ren, Yuhan Ren, Barbara Ricci, Mariam Rifai, Mathieu Roche, Narongkiat Rodphai, Aldo Romani, Bedřich Roskovec, Felix Rosso, Peter Rudakov, Arseniy Rybnikov, Andrey Sadovsky, Sahar Safari, Ujwal Santhosh, U Sawangwit, Michaela Schever, Cédric Schwab, Konstantin Schweizer, Alexandr Selyunin, Andrea Serafini, Mariangela Settimo, Junyu Shao, A Sharma, Vladislav Sharov, Hangyu Shi, J D Shi, Y Shi, Hexi Shi, Dmitrii Shpotya, Yike Shu, Yuhan Shu, She Shuai, Vitaly Shutov, Randhir Singh, Apeksha Singhal, C. Sirignano, Jaruchit Siripak, Monica Sisti, Mikhail Smirnov, O Smirnov, С. В. Соколов, Julanan Songwadhana, A. Sotnikov, Achim Stahl, Luca Stanco, E. Stanescu Farilla, Hans Steiger, J Steinmann, Tobias Sterr, Matthias Raphael Stock, Virginia Strati, Mikhail Strizh, Aoqi Su, Jun Su, Guangbao Sun, Mingxia Sun, Xilei Sun, Yongzhao Sun, Zhengyang Sun, N. Suwonjandee, F. Šimkovic, Akira Takenaka, Xiaohan Tan, H. Tang, Jian Tang, Jingzhe Tang, Quan Tang, Xiao Tang, Vidhya Thara Hariharan, Yuxin Tian, Igor Tkachev, Tomas Tmej, Marco Danilo Claudio Torri, Andrea Triossi, Wladyslaw Trzaska, A. Tsaregorodtsev, Yu-Chen Tung, Cristina Tuve, Carlo Venettacci, Giuseppe Verde, Benoit Viaud, Vit Vorobel, Lucia Votano, Jiawei Wan, Caishen Wang, Chung-Hsiang Wang, En Wang, Hanwen Wang, Jiabin Wang, Jun Wang, Ke Wang, Li Wang, M Wang, M Wang, M Wang, Ruiguang Wang, Sibo Wang, Tianhong Wang, Wei Wang, Wenshuai Wang, Wenyuan Wang, Xi Wang, Yangfu Wang, Yaoguang Wang, Yi Wang, Yifang Wang, Yuyi Wang, Zhe Wang, Zheng Wang, Zhimin Wang, Apimook Watcharangkool, Junya Wei, Jushang Wei, Wei Wei, Wei Wei, Yuehuan Wei, Zhengbao Wei, Liangjian Wen, Jun Weng, Rosmarie Wirth, Bi Wu, Chengxin 城鑫 Wu 吴, Qile Wu, Yinhui Wu, Z Z Wu, Z Z Wu, Michael Wurm, Jacques Wurtz, Dongmei Xia, Shishen Xian, Ziqian Xiang, Fei Xiao, Pengfei Xiao, Tianying Xiao, Xiang Xiao, Wei-Jun Xie, Yuguang Xie, Zhizhong Xing, Benda Xu, Cheng Xu, Chuang Xu, Donglian Xu, Fanrong Xu, J Q Xu, J Q Xu, J Q Xu, Mei‐Yan Xu, S Xu, Xunjie Xu, Dongyang Xue, Jingqin Xue, Baojun Yan, Qiyu Yan, Taylor Yan, Xiongbo Yan, Changgen Yang, Chengfeng Yang, D Yang, Fengfan Yang, Jie Yang, Kaiwei Yang, L Yang, Pengfei Yang, Xiaoyu Yang, Xuhui Yang, Yifan Yang, Zekun Yang, Haifeng Yao, J P Ye, M H Ye, Z Zhenyu Ye, Frédéric Yermia, Jilong Yin, Weiqing Yin, Xiaohao Yin, Zhengyun You, Boxiang Yu, C Shijia Yu, C Shijia Yu, Hongzhao Yu, Peidong Yu, Simi Yu, Zeyuan Yu, Cenxi Yuan, Chengzhuo Yuan, Noman Zafar, Vitalii Zavadskyi, Fanrui Zeng, Shan Zeng, Tingxuan Zeng, 占亮, Bin Zhang, F Zhang, Han Zhang, Hangchang Zhang, Haosen Zhang, Honghao Zhang, Jiawen Zhang, Jie Zhang, Jingbo Zhang, Junwei Zhang, Lei Zhang, Ping Zhang, Qingmin Zhang, Rongping Zhang, Shiqi Zhang, Shuihan Zhang, Tao Zhang, Xiaomei Zhang, Xu Zhang, Xuantong Zhang, Yibing Zhang, Yinhong Zhang, Yiyu Zhang, Yongpeng Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yue Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhicheng Zhang, Zhijian Zhang, J M Zhao, R C Zhao, Shujun Zhao, Yangheng Zheng, Li Zhou, Lishui Zhou, Shun Zhou, X J Zhou, X J Zhou, J ZHU, Kangfu Zhu, Kejun Zhu, Bo 博 Zhuang 庄, Zhuang Hl, Jiaheng Zou · 发表于：arXiv (Cornell University) · 年份：2026 · 研究领域：Neutrino Physics Research、Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies、Radioactive Decay and Measurement Techniques

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) collaboration has completed the construction of the 20,000-ton liquid scintillator detector and the associated muon veto detector system. To meet the physics objectives, the materials used in the detector must exhibit low radioactive contamination. The single-event rate in the fiducial volume (R $<$ 17.2 m) of the scintillator is required to be approximately 7 Hz for energies above 0.7 MeV, resulting in an accidental coincidence background of about 1 event per day for reactor neutrino physics analyses. Since the beginning of the construction phase, we have screened the natural radioactivity content of thousands of materials, to select those that meet the design background budget. The radioactive impurity concentrations of the materials ultimately used in the JUNO detector are summarized in this paper. The construction of the entire detector and the subsequent filling of the liquid scintillator were completed in August 2025. From the initial data, the total count rate of natural radioactivity within the detector's fiducial volume has met the requirements and is sufficient to support the reactor antineutrino analysis.