Research on the Disaster-Causing Mechanism and Prevention-Control Technology of Mud and Water Inrush in Tunnels Crossing Water-Rich Fault Fracture Zones

作者：Zhenhua Wu, Bo Liu, Yi Tie, Qinghua Yin · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1061/9780784486801.033 · 研究领域：Geology、Geotechnical engineering、Mining engineering

This study focuses on the #5 construction inclined shaft of the Xianglushan Tunnel in the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project, investigating mud and water inrush disasters that occurred during its traversal of the Limekiln Fault Zone. Through field observations, mineral composition analysis, and other methods, the primary disaster mechanisms were revealed: Microscopically, the rock mass contains abundant hydrophilic clay minerals prone to softening and mudding upon water contact; macroscopically, the tunnel is located in the contact zone between cataclastic rock and cataclastic powder rock, where a high hydraulic gradient exists. High-head groundwater permeates and accumulates along fissures, leading to seepage failure under construction disturbance. For such water-rich fault fracture zones, integrated control measures combining radial consolidation grouting and advanced consolidation grouting were proposed. Verification through acoustic wave testing and borehole television imaging demonstrated that while the quality of shallow surrounding rock was significantly improved, the grouting effect in deep rock masses still requires enhancement. The results indicate that this technology effectively controls the risk of water and mud inrush, enhancing construction safety and efficiency.