An Ecosystem of Carbon Dioxide Removal Reviews – Part 3: Enhanced Weathering

作者：Tim Jesper Suhrhoff, Christiana Dietzen, Tyler Kukla, Abby Lunstrum, Tom Reershemius, Jake Thompson, Maya Almaraz, Matteo Bertagni, Liam Bullock, Rocco D’Ascanio, Isadora Falkson, Patrick Frings, Rachel Gregg, Nicholas Iff, Jonathan Lambert, Yating Li, Brian Rogers, Jonas Schneider, Elizabeth Swanson, Feng Tao, Samuel Tsao, Robrecht Van Der Bauwhede, Shuang Zhang, Shashank Kumar Anand, James Campbell, Isabella Chiaravalloti, Isabelle Davis, Millie Dobson, Xavier Dupla, Spyros Foteinis, Minger Guo, Kirsty Harrington, Chloe Kent, Alexandra Klemme, Jennifer Kroeger, Tobias Linke, Stella Linnekogel, Spencer Moller, Ella Milliken, Likhwa Ndlovu, Harun Niron, Shrey Patel, Evelin Pihlap, Kate Rees, Robert Rioux, Malgorzata Rizzi, Sam Shaheen, Laura Steinwidder, Isabella Steeley, Tim Sweere, Fengchao Sun, Xiying Sun, Wyatt Tatge, Lolyn Tejedal Lemus, Arthur Vienne, James Westphalen, Beck Woollen, Chad Baum, Susan Brantley, Salvatore Calabrese, Tyler Cyronak, Tabea Dorndorf, Claire Fyson, Mathilde Hagens, Jens Hartmann, Iris Holzer, Benjamin Houlton, Rachael H. James, Kelsey Jensen, Yoshiki Kanzaki, Anu Khan, Charlotte Levy, Sarah Lueck, David Manning, Joseph Manning, Johannes Meyer zu Drewer, Rebecca B. Neumann, Christopher Pearce, Philip Pogge von Strandmann, Ian Power, Peter Raymond, Phil Renforth, Tim Repke, James Saiers, Rafael Santos, Jonathan Smolen, Li Tan, Sara Vicca, Maria-Elena Vorrath, Romany Webb, Yuan Yao, Bingquan Zhang, Christopher T. Reinhard, Noah Planavsky, Sabine Fuss · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.70212/cdrxiv.2026417.v1 · 研究领域：CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions、Climate Change and Geoengineering、Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics

Enhanced Weathering (EW) is an emerging Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) approach within a growing portfolio of mitigation strategies, offering the potential for durable CDR alongside agronomic co-benefits. As interest in CDR increases, EW is transitioning from a primarily scientific concept toward early-stage implementation, requiring a comprehensive synthesis of the current evidence base. This systematic review focuses primarily on soil-based EW using silicate rock feedstocks. Across empirical and modelling studies, area-normalized CDR fluxes have a median value of 0.84 tonnes of carbon dioxide per hectare per year (tCO2 ha⁻1 yr⁻1) and span several orders of magnitude. The variance in reported fluxes reflects not only context-dependent differences in EW performance, but also the diversity of quantification approaches, which differ by use case and vary in terms of their system boundaries and treatment of loss processes. When scaled globally, evidence from empirical constraints and/or modelling approaches converges on a maximum technical CDR potential of ~0.2–2 GtCO2 yr⁻¹, though some estimates are higher. Significant uncertainty remains regarding the magnitude, persistence, and timing of loss processes after initial CDR has occurred, including secondary phase formation and cation exchange, and in how these losses depend on local soil and climate conditions and deployment strategies. Interactions with soil organic carbon introduce additional uncertainty but also the potential for...