Preparation of Ternary Solid Waste-Based Composite Cementitious Material and Its Performance in Stabilized Gravel

作者：Yue Wang, Lihua Zhong, Jian Sun, Haojie Ji, Wei Chen, Z Y Liu · 发表于：Materials · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.3390/ma19132870 · 研究领域：Concrete and Cement Materials Research、Innovative concrete reinforcement materials、Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance

To support the achievement of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and promote the resource utilization of industrial solid waste, a ternary solid waste composite cementitious material was prepared by blending ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash (FA), and carbide slag (CS) with cement. The optimal mix ratio was determined through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. The synergistic hydration mechanism was elucidated using microstructural characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, TG-DTG, and SEM. The composite material was then applied to a semirigid base course, and its mechanical properties and durability were systematically evaluated. The results indicate that the optimal levels of FA, GGBFS, and CS investigated in the single-factor experiments are 20-40%, 30-50%, and 2-6%, respectively. The optimal mix ratio of the ternary solid waste composite is 21.0% FA, 36.3% GGBFS, and 5.7% CS. The underlying microstructural mechanism is that carbide slag creates a highly alkaline environment, which activates the pozzolanic activity of GGBFS and fly ash, leading to the formation of hydration products dominated by C-(A)-S-H gel. With increasing curing age, the gel structure evolves from a loose and disordered state to a dense and ordered state, ultimately forming a compact microstructure based on a highly polymerized C-(A)-S-H gel matrix. The 7-day unconfined compressive strength of the stabilized gravel using the solid waste-b...