Lead-free piezoelectric BCZT accelerometer: Design, optimization, and performance analysis

作者：Yi Yang, Yi Zheng, Xiaodong Yan, Peng Wang, Mian Tao, Yongsheng Gao, Chaoyang Shi, Zhaoye Qin, Zhengbao Yang · 发表于：Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1177/1045389x261457217 · 研究领域：Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials、Aeroelasticity and Vibration Control、Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography

WEEE and RoHS regulations impose strict restrictions on lead content in electronics, whereas many accelerometers used in automotive, aerospace, and consumer electronics currently rely on lead-based piezoceramics. To address this challenge, we design and develop a novel lead-free compressive-mode accelerometer based on BCZT (Barium Calcium Zirconate Titanate). Environmentally friendly BCZT ceramics were synthesized in this work. The freshly poled BCZT ceramics exhibited an initial maximum piezoelectric coefficient d 33 of 350 pC/N, as measured immediately after poling. After storage and thermal cycling associated with temperature-coefficient characterization, the stabilized room-temperature d 33 decreased to 281.96 pC/N, which is consistent with the commonly observed aging and domain-relaxation behavior of poled ferroelectric ceramics. Subsequently, we designed a new compressive-mode accelerometer featuring a symmetric dual-element configuration integrated with a charge-amplifier read-out circuit. Through systematic material-structure-circuit co-optimization, our BCZT-based accelerometer achieved a voltage sensitivity of 10.61 mV/(m/s 2 ) with an output error of ≤2% and ±7.08%FS linearity. Within the investigated operating temperature range of 24°C–70°C, d 33 decreased from 281.96 to 261.25 pC/N, corresponding to a 7.34% reduction. This research demonstrates that BCZT serves as a high-performance, lead-fre...