Spatiotemporal differentiation of Plasmodium vivax populations in the western Greater Mekong Subregion using a 22-SNP barcode

作者：Zifang Wu, Weilin Zeng, Awtum M. Brashear, Yaming Wu, Lin Wang, Myat Thu Soe, Pyae Linn Aung, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Myat Phone Kyaw, Zhaoqing Yang, Yaming Cao, Li Zheng, Liwang Cui, Yan Zhao · 发表于：PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1371/journal.pntd.0014472 · 研究领域：Malaria Research and Control、Vector-borne infectious diseases、Microbial infections and disease research

BACKGROUND: A high-resolution molecular tool for tracking and differentiating closely-related Plasmodium vivax populations is critically needed. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) barcode to monitor the progress of malaria elimination in the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A total of 210 P. vivax clinical samples were collected across four time points in three international border areas: China-Myanmar border, Thailand-Myanmar border, and Bangladesh-Myanmar border. Parasites were genotyped at 36 SNPs using MassARRAY technology (Sequenom), with Sanger sequencing validation for low-efficiency loci. The complexity of infection (COI) was estimated via a maximum likelihood approach implemented in COIL, while genetic diversity metrics were computed in GenAIEx version 6.5. Population differentiation was assessed through molecular variance analysis, Mantel rank test, and pairwise FST estimation. Genetic structure was resolved using principal component analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and ADMIXTURE. 198 samples were successfully genotyped at 22 validated SNPs, revealing 37.9% polyclonal infections. The proportion of polyclonal infections differed significantly among the five P. vivax populations (P = 0.0001, Pearson Chi-square test, χ2 = 23.15), with 2020 CMB samples having the highest proportion (56.1%). The average COI was highest in BMB parasites (1.109 ± 0.007). The TMB 2018 samples exhibited the maxim...