Implementation strategies for evidence-based management of type 2 diabetes at primary healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries and related barriers and facilitators: a scoping review

作者：Asima Khan, Izhan Ali Khan, Khalid Rehman, Gerardo Zavala Gomez, Imogen Featherstone, Kamran Siddiqi, Saima Afaq · 发表于：Implementation Science Communications · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1186/s43058-026-00998-9 · 研究领域：Health Policy Implementation Science、Diabetes Management and Education、Primary Care and Health Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes prevalence is rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where constrained health budgets and inequitable resource distribution limit access to quality care. Primary healthcare is central to addressing these challenges; however, the implementation of evidence-based diabetes care remains inconsistent. This scoping review mapped implementation strategies for integrating diabetes care into primary healthcare settings in LMICs and identified associated barriers and facilitators influencing implementation. METHODS: This review focuses on type 2 diabetes, given its predominance and relevance to primary healthcare delivery in LMICs, and followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and was reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The search strategy was peer-reviewed using the PRESS checklist. Eight electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 1996 and November 2024. Eligible studies were conducted in LMICs, as defined by the World Bank, and described the implementation, adaptation, or evaluation of evidence-based Type 2 diabetes care in primary healthcare settings. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. Implementation strategies were mapped to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) taxonomy, while reported barriers and facilitators were coded using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). RESULTS: Nin...