Ultra-Thin Broadband Optical Skin Based on Graphene-Stack Electrochemical Structure via Ion Intercalation Tuning

作者：Xing Cao, Kaixi Bi, Longhao Liu, Gendi Yin, Jinxian Dong, Lei Hu, Y Zhang, Linyu Mei, Xiujian Chou · 发表于：IEEE Electron Device Letters · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1109/led.2026.3692160 · 研究领域：Graphene research and applications、Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research、Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies

Smart optical skins play a critical role in camouflage and intelligent thermal management. Nevertheless, realizing broadband optical modulation within ultra-thin display architectures continue to pose a substantial technical challenge. Graphene’s zero-bandgap structure facilitates broadband optical absorption modulation through the continuous modulation of its Fermi level. Among various methods, electrochemical intercalation stands out for its low power consumption and robust cycling stability based on an ultra-thin film architecture. This study introduces an innovative optical display panel based on the lithium-ion electrochemical intercalation method. Experimental results demonstrate that dynamic modulation of the Fermi level achieves a reflectance modulation of 43.07% across the visible spectrum and a transmittance modulation of 35.75% within the long-wave infrared region. A 64-pixel array device—fabricated using a fully flexible material system—achieves a total integration thickness of only 225 μm. The device exhibits a rapid spectral switching time of 491 ms, while maintaining pixel dimensions below 3 mm × 3 mm. Moreover, the modulated graphene sustains a temperature differential of 17.2 °C with respect to the background temperature of the heat source. This study establishes both a robust physical foundation and a scalable technical framework to advance the development of multispectral surfaces and next-generation wearable electronics.