The global forest diameter spectrum using a machine learning approach

作者：Ankita Mitra, Nancy Harris, Javier G. P. Gamarra, Meredith L. Bastian, Thomas W. Crowther, Nicolas Picard, Martin Herold, Cang Hui, Sergio de-Miguel, W. Gabe Powell, Nathan R. Beane, John R. Shallock, Fons van der Plas, Michael J. Lawes, Mo Zhou, Mohammad Jahanshahi, Nadezhda M. Tchebakova, E. I. Parfenova, Peter B. Reich, César Iván Álvarez, Daniel M. Griffith, Oliver L. Phillips, Ariane Mirabel, Marieke Sandker, WookJin Choi, Akane Abbasi, Giorgio Alberti, Jan Altman, Luciana F. Alves, Bienvenu H.K. Amani, Christian Amani, Christian Ammer, Valerio Avitabile, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Akomian F. Azihou, Timothy R. Baker, Radomir Bałazy, Jorcely G. Barroso, Jean-François Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Mahmoud Bayat, Hans Beeckman, Eduardo van den Berg, Jahangeer A. Bhat, Anupam Bhatt, Angoboy Ilondea Bhely, Luca Birigazzi, Philippe Birnbaum, Robert Bitariho, Pascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Alexander Bondarev, Frans Bongers, Élise Bouchard, Nils Bourland, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Francis Q. Brearley, Jennifer L. Bufford, Jose Javier Corral-Rivas, Jaime Briseno-Reyes, Eben N. Broadbent, David F. R. P. Burslem, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Goran Češljar, Ravi K. Chaturvedi, Han Y. H. Chen, Jiaxin Chen, Francesco Chianucci, George Chuyong, Emil Cienciala, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Antonio Lola da Costa, Aníbal Cuchietti, Javid Ahmad Dar, Selvadurai Dayanandan, Mathieu Decuyper, Tran Van Do, Jiri Dolezal, Ilija Đorđević, Donald R. Drake, Giselda Durigan, Guy-Michel A. Elogne, Tsutomu Enoki, Javier Silva Espejo, Tom Maurice Fayle, Rinaldo Luíz Caraciolo Ferreira, Paul Foster, Lorenzo Frizzera, Orou G. Gaoue, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Damiano Gianelle, Mario Guevara, Jesús Aguirre Gutiérrez, Richard Habonayo, David J. Harris, Billy C. H. Hau, Bruno Hérault, Wannes Hubau, Nobuo Imai, Andrzej M. Jagodzinski, Štěpán Janeček, Patrick A. Jansen, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Carlos A. Joly, Daniel J. Johnson, Tommaso Jucker, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, Goytom A. Kahsay, Victor Karminov, Elizabeth Kearsley, Deborah Kennard, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Gunnar Keppel, Mohammed Latif Khan, John N. Kigomo, Hyun Seok Kim, Sukyung Kim, Carine Klauberg, Henn Korjus, Subashree Kothandaraman, Florian Kraxner, Leonid Krivobokov, Dr Amit Kumar, Gajendra Kumar, Anna E. Kvashnina, Diana Laarmann, Félix Laurent, Gaia Vaglio Laurin, Rodrigo Vieira Leite, Bas Lerink, Simon L. Lewis, Moses B. Libalah, Weiguo Liu, Jon Lovett, Huicui Lu, María de los Ángeles Soriano-Luna, Anne Mette Lykke, Emma Jane Mackintosh, Jean-Remy Makana, Andrew Marshall, Emanuel H. Martin, Radim Matula, Musingo Mbuvi, Sandra Liliana Medina, Vincent P. Medjibe, Desmond Mensah, Sylvanus Mensah, Thiago Metzker, Stanisław Miścicki, Liudmila Mukhortova, Sharif A. Mukul, Agustinus Murdjoko, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Anny Estelle N’Guessan, Michael R. Ngugi, Alain Senghor K. Ngute, Thomas Nord-Larsen, Thomas O. Ochuodho, Friday N. Ogana, Luzmila Arroyo Padilla, Nazir A. Pala, Alain Paquette, Pablo L. Peri, Sebastian Pfautsch, Maria Teresa F. Piedade, Daniel Piotto, John J. Pipoly, Nigel C. A. Pitman, John R. Poulsen, Akhilesh Raghubanshi, Dipika Rana, Mirco Rodeghiero, Samir Rolim, Purabi Saikia, Peter Schall, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Jochen Schöngart, Vladimír Šebeň, Giacomo Sellan, Carlos Antônio Bruno da Silva, Marcos Silveira, Jamuna Singh, Ferry Slik, Jarosław Socha, José Daniel Soto, Alexandre F. Souza, Prashant K. Srivastava, Hans ter Steege, Krzysztof Stereńczak, Somaiah Sundarapandian, Martin Svátek, Jens-Christian Svenning, Xiaolu Tang, Raquel S. Thomas, Antonio Tomao, Liam Trethowan, Robert Tropek, Kalidas Upadhyaya, Renato Valencia, Rodolfo Vásquez, Daniel José Vega-Nieva, Hans Verbeeck, Helder F. Viana, Alexander Christian Vibrans, Simone A. Vieira, Barbara Vinceti, Jason Vleminckx, Vincent Antoine Vos, Anna S. Vozmishcheva, Foma Vozmitel, Hayden Wagia, Hua-Feng Wang, Eric K. Wasingya, Edward L. Webb, Chemuku Wekesa, Verginia Wortel, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Zhen Yu, Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Irié Casimir Zo-Bi, Jingjing Liang · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.5194/essd-2026-226 · 研究领域：Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications、Remote Sensing in Agriculture、Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies

Abstract. Global forest assessments assist climate policy development, ecosystem science, and conservation planning, yet they rely on biomass and canopy data that do not explicitly represent the stand structural attributes derived from tree diameter measurements. This limits the ability to compare size-related structure and within-stand heterogeneity at large spatial scales. Here we present a global, spatially explicit dataset of stand-level tree diameter structure for forest cover in 2020 at 0.027° (~3 km) resolution, based on 1,203,524 georeferenced forest inventory plots comprising 54.6 million trees (≥10 cm DBH) integrated with more than 50 environmental and satellite-derived covariates into machine learning models. The dataset provides the first globally consistent maps of three complementary diameter-based metrics: arithmetic mean diameter (Dmean), quadratic mean diameter (Dqm), and the coefficient of variation of diameter (Dcv), representing average tree size, large-tree dominance, and within-stand size variability, respectively. Model performance of the ecozone-specific Random Forest framework ranged from R² = 0.41–0.82 (RMSE = 3.91–4.63 cm) for Dmean, R² = 0.43–0.83 (RMSE = 4.38–5.27 cm) for Dqm, and R² = 0.47–0.62 with (RMSE = 0.10–0.13) for Dcv across different forest ecozones. By jointly quantifying central tendency and variability in tree size, the dataset revealed spatial patterns of forest structural organization not captured by existing biomass or canopy-heigh...