Origami‐Folded PLLA/MXene Scaffold Promotes Cartilage Regeneration via Synergistic Piezoelectric Chondrogenesis and Photothermal Anti‑Angiogenesis

作者：Lipeng Wang, Shuai Lu, Ming Qu, Duanyang Liu, Chenyang Zhuang, Guohao Wu, Hongyun Zhao, Qianyi Zhang, Yingkai Zhang, Yuxing Wang, Guodong Zhu, Lu Cao, Z-X Yan · 发表于：Advanced Functional Materials · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1002/adfm.75665 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms、Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials、Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications

ABSTRACT Conventional piezoelectric scaffolds demonstrate promising prospects in cartilage regeneration by promoting chondrogenic differentiation via electrical stimulation. However, excessive subchondral angiogenesis induced by electrical cues can damage neocartilage and accelerate cartilage degradation, presenting a major obstacle to cartilage repair. Herein, we develop an origami‐inspired PLLA (poly Llactic acid)/MXene (two‐dimensional transition metal carbide) composite scaffold integrating dual regulatory mechanisms. The electrospun PLLA/MXene nanofibers are assembled into three‐dimensional origami structures through template compression. MXene incorporation and origami architecture synergistically enhance piezoelectric output, achieving ∼3.8 V voltage and ∼12 nA current in the scaffolds under cyclic compression, approximately 2‐fold higher than pure PLLA scaffolds. The scaffold maintains stable piezoelectric performance under physiological conditions and throughout degradation. Moreover, MXene nanosheets confer rapid and efficient photothermal responsiveness, elevating temperature to mild hyperthermia under near‐infrared irradiation to suppress angiogenesis. In vitro studies demonstrate that synergistic piezoelectric‐photothermal stimulation promotes chondrogenesis through TRPV4/PI3K/Akt pathway while suppressing tube formation via VEGF/FAK pathway. In a rat osteochondral defect model, the dual‐functional scaffold achieves superior cartilage regeneration with enhanced m...