SPEARHEAD D2.2: Updated Neutron Monitor (NM) yield functions

作者：Alexander Mishev, Marlon Köberle, Ilya Usoskin, Bernd Heber, Athanasios Papaioannou · 发表于：Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.5281/zenodo.20007591 · 研究领域：Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics、Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry、Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics

Neutron Monitors (NMs) are ground-based detectors that study Cosmic Rays (CRs), including Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs), by measuring secondary particles produced in the atmosphere. Their response is described by a Yield Function (YF), linking detector counts to the properties of incoming particles. In this report, updated NM YFs are developed to improve the interpretation of cosmic ray measurements, particularly for Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs). Using advanced Monte Carlo simulations, the study models detector response for both standard 6NM64 and mini neutron monitors, including the effects of atmospheric depth and oblique particle incidence. The work also evaluates the efficiency of mini-NMs and introduces new yield functions to enhance the accuracy of cosmic ray and solar energetic particle analyses across global NM networks