Experience of natural gas pipeline hydrogen conversion in Germany’s Gascade Flow Program and its implications for China

作者：Shangxin Zhao · 发表于：DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.6047/j.issn.1000-8241.2026.04.001 · 研究领域：Integrated Energy Systems Optimization、Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems、Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis

ObjectiveAmid the global energy transition and the accelerating pursuit of “dual carbon” goals, large-scale storage and transportation of hydrogen—a clean and efficient energy carrier—have become key bottlenecks for industrial development. Repurposing existing natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transport is an effective way to reduce infrastructure costs and shorten construction timelines. MethodsThe program “Flow-Making Hydrogen Happen” (“Flow Program”) of Gascade in Germany was selected as the research subject. The overview, key technological breakthroughs, and standard application practices of the Flow Program were systematically reviewed. Critical technical aspects were analyzed in detail, including material adaptability evaluation, compressor and drive system retrofitting, welded joint performance verification, valve sealing optimization, and metering system upgrading. Differences between Chinese and German X70 pipeline systems in materials, equipment, welding, sealing, and metering were compared, and core divergences in standard systems, retrofitting criteria, material compatibility assessment logic, and pressure classification management were identified. ResultsThe study found that Germany achieved safe and efficient repurposing of large-diameter, high-pressure natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transport through systematic material verification, scientific retrofitting strategies, and comprehensive mature standards. Its technical experience and standard application mo...