Unlocking energy-carbon-water synergies in global water supply system maintenance

作者：Saige Wang, Yujing Huang, Yu Shao, Tuqiao Zhang, Shuang Song, Kuishuang Feng, Nan Li, Brian D. Fath, Albert Nkwasa, Feilong Dong · 发表于：Nature Communications · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1038/s41467-026-72300-3 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies、Environmental Impact and Sustainability、Integrated Energy Systems Optimization

Drinking water system maintenance faces rising energy, carbon, and water pressures, but integrated optimization strategies remain limited. Here we developed an energy-carbon-water nexus framework to quantify the resource efficiency gains of replacing conventional unidirectional flushing with air scouring, ice pigging, and their combined use across pipe, city, and regional scales. At the pipe scale, air scouring and ice pigging reduced energy use by 12%-68%, carbon footprint by 7%-84%, and water use by 56%-91% relative to unidirectional flushing. When scaled to 258,000 km of pipelines across 50 cities and regions, emerging technologies reduced annual energy use by 4.40×107-4.80×107 kWh, carbon emissions by 2.26×108-7.56×108 kg CO2, and water use by 4.12×107-6.12×107 m3. Prioritizing large-diameter pipes yielded resource and economic cost savings equivalent to 4-19 years of unidirectional flushing over a 30-year transition. These findings reveal substantial opportunities to improve resource efficiency in water infrastructure maintenance and advance sustainable urban water systems. Emerging pipe cleaning technologies in water supply system unlock energy-carbon-water synergies across pipe, city, and regional scales by reducing energy use, carbon emissions, water consumption, and costs relative to unidirectional flushing.