Nanoprecision real-time diameter control of micro/nanofibers via higher-order mode interference

作者：Dezhou Lu, Hao Chi, Liying Chen, Mengyang Jin, Jiahui Wu, Zhuning Wang, Yaoguang Ma · 发表于：Frontiers of Optoelectronics · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.2738/foe.2026.0022 · 研究领域：Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors、Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics、Photonic and Optical Devices

In this paper, we report a mode-interference-based approach for the efficient and reliable diameter measurement of micro/nanofibers (MNFs), enabling the in situ monitoring of MNFs fabricated from both single-mode fibers (SMFs) and multimode fibers (MMFs). The proposed method integrates automated signal processing with parameter-corrected flame-brush models, establishing a real-time closed-loop feedback mechanism during the fabrication process. Within the 524–1778 nm range, measurement accuracies better than 8 nm (< 1.25%) for SMF and 5 nm (< 0.78%) for MMF are demonstrated. Furthermore, to address the challenge of reconstructing complex taper profiles, we introduce a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN). Trained on a physics-enhanced data set, this network enables the end-to-end precision measurement of taper morphology. Within the diameter range of 1.9–10 µm, the maximum relative error is maintained below 0.35%, with a maximum absolute error of less than 9 nm. This method demonstrates broad applicability, offering a reliable solution for the fabrication of high-performance MNF-based photonic devices.