STAT1 and IL-7 as potential diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing high-grade from low-grade serous ovarian cancer: a multi-cohort analysis

作者：Zhuna Wu, Xuanxuan Zhuang, Xinxin Zhan, Weihong Chen, Yajing Xie, Zhimei Zhou, Li Huang, Liying Sheng, Yueli Wang, Binbin Chen, Ruiyun Wu, Yumin Ke · 发表于：Frontiers in Immunology · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2026.1779912 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment、Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis、Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions

Background High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (HGSOC) and Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (LGSOC) are distinct subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer with significant differences in pathogenesis and prognosis, posing challenges for precise diagnosis. Identifying reliable biomarkers is crucial for improving differential diagnosis and clinical management. Methods Transcriptome RNA-seq data of HGSOC and LGSOC were obtained from the GEO database (GSE27651, GSE126132). Differentially expressed immune-related genes (DIRGs) were identified. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction were performed. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and multiple Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (mSVM-RFE) algorithms were used to select predictive genes. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and a nomogram was developed. Findings were validated in an independent dataset and via immunohistochemistry (IHC). The CIBERSORT algorithm assessed correlations between key DIRGs and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, with false discovery rate (FDR) correction applied for multiple testing. Results Seventy-one DIRGs were identified in HGSOC versus LGSOC, predominantly enriched in cytokine-mediated signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and JAK-STAT pathways. STAT1 and IL-7 were selected as diagnostic biomarkers, with area under the curve (AUC) val...