The Energy Exascale Earth System Model Version 3: 2. Overview of the Coupled System

作者：Jean‐Christophe Golaz, Wuyin Lin, Xue Zheng, Shaocheng Xie, Andrew Roberts, Luke Van Roekel, Peter Thornton, Alice Barthel, Andrew Bradley, Jonathan D. Wolfe, Chengzhu Zhang, Kai Zhang, Shixuan Zhang, Xylar Asay‐Davis, Carolyn Begeman, Gautam Bisht, Susannah M. Burrows, Chih-Chieh-Jack Chen, Y. Feng, Elizabeth Hunke, RA Jacob, Ziming Ke, Salil Mahajan, Naser Mahfouz, Mathew Maltrud, Xiaoying Shi, Qi Tang, Christopher R. Terai, Erin E. Thomas, Hailong Wang, Jinbo Xie, Tian Zhou, Tony Bartoletti, James J. Benedict, Michael A. Brunke, Darin Comeau, Jiwen Fan, Ryan M. Forsyth, James Foucar, Oksana Guba, Walter M. Hannah, Dalei Hao, Xianglei Huang, Nicole Jeffery, Hyun‐Gyu Kang, Noel D. Keen, Hsiang‐He Lee, Jiwoo Lee, Xiaohong Liu, Azamat Mametjanov, Johannes Mülmenstädt, Mark Petersen, Michael J. Prather, Stephen Price, Yun Qian, Andrew G. Salinger, Sean Santos, Yunpeng Shan, Balwinder Singh, Katherine Smith, Xiaoliang Song, Sarat Sreepathi, Adrian K. Turner, Tom Vo, Hui Wan, Mingxuan Wu, Wandi Yu, Charles S. Zender, Xubin Zeng, Guang J. Zhang, Meng Zhang, T. Roser W. Zhang, Yuying Zhang, Renata McCoy, Mark A. Taylor, L. Ruby Leung, Peter Caldwell, David C. Bader · 发表于：Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1029/2025ms005302 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Climate variability and models、Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations、Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics

Abstract The Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 3 (E3SMv3) represents the latest advancement in Earth system modeling developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Building upon previous versions, E3SMv3 introduces significant updates across its coupled components to enhance capability and improve fidelity. The atmosphere component incorporates advancements in chemistry, aerosol‐cloud interactions, convection, and microphysics. The ocean features a new time‐stepping scheme and a higher‐resolution unstructured mesh with sub‐ice‐shelf cavities, while the sea ice model integrates advanced snow and ice physics for more realistic cryospheric simulations. The land model introduces prognostic vegetation dynamics and a new sub‐grid topographic treatment of solar radiation. A new tri‐grid configuration harmonizes the horizontal grids of the land and river components for improved process coupling. It is enabled by a new non‐linear remapping between the atmosphere and land. E3SMv3 underwent extensive testing through a comprehensive simulation campaign, including pre‐industrial control, idealized experiments, and historical simulations spanning 1850–2024. The model demonstrates significant improvements in simulating the evolution of the historical surface temperature, particularly addressing the “pothole cooling” bias in earlier versions. Reduced aerosol‐related forcing contributes to more realistic radiative forcing and better alignment with the observational record. Ocean h...