NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy: emerging role and novel therapeutic target in precision oncology

作者：Dengwang Chen, Xinyue Jiang, Tao Duan, Ying Tian, Jinyan Zhang, Xin Wang, Jun Tan · 发表于：Autophagy · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1080/15548627.2026.2656779 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis、Iron Metabolism and Disorders、Trace Elements in Health

Iron is vital for life but can be toxic in excess by forming reactive oxygen species. Ferroptosis, a type of regulated cell death, relies on iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and requires a labile iron pool (LIP) in cells. Ferritin stores iron safely, and its degradation increases the LIP. Ferritinophagy, the autophagic breakdown of ferritin, is crucial for releasing stored iron to trigger ferroptosis. This review examines ferritinophagy’s molecular mechanisms, highlighting NCOA4 (nuclear receptor coactivator 4) as the main receptor targeting ferritin for lysosomal degradation. It also discusses the regulatory network controlling NCOA4, including transcriptional factors like TP53/p53 and MYC/c-Myc, RNA-binding proteins, and post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination. We explore ferritinophagy-induced ferroptosis as a promising anti-cancer approach. Research shows that various natural compounds, repurposed drugs, and new metal complexes can induce tumor cell death by activating the NCOA4-ferritinophagy pathway, which is crucial for overcoming therapeutic resistance in many cancers. Understanding this pathway highlights the relationship between iron metabolism, macroautophagy/autophagy, and cell death, offering a foundation for new treatments for cancer and iron-related diseases.Abbreviation: FTH1: ferritin heavy chain 1; GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4; GSH: glutathione; HIF: hypoxia-inducible factor; LIP: labile iron pool; MAPK/JNK: mitogen-activated protein kinas...